[{"term":"AABB","answer":"AABB","clue":"Axis-aligned bounding box (sometimes called \"axis oriented\"), a bounding box stored in world coordinates; one of the simplest bounding volumes.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"abductive logic programming","answer":"ABDUCTIVELOGICPROGRAMMING","clue":"A high-level knowledge-representation framework that can be used to solve problems declaratively based on abductive reasoning.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"abductive reasoning","answer":"ABDUCTIVEREASONING","clue":"Also abduction.A form of logical inference which starts with an observation or set of observations then seeks to find the simplest and most likely explanation.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Aberration","answer":"ABERRATION","clue":"Optically, defocus refers to a translation along the optical axis away from the plane or surface of best focus.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"ablation","answer":"ABLATION","clue":"The removal of a component of an AI system. An this concept study aims to determine the contribution of a component to an AI system by removing the component, and then analyzing the resultant performance of the system.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Abstract","answer":"ABSTRACT","clue":"An indicator applied to a classifier (e.g., actor, class, use case) or to some features of a classifier (e.g., a class's operations) showing that the feature is incomplete and is intended not to be instantiated, but to be specialized by other definitions.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Abstract class","answer":"ABSTRACTCLASS","clue":"A class that does not provide a complete declaration, perhaps because it has no implementation method identified for an operation.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"abstract data type","answer":"ABSTRACTDATATYPE","clue":"A mathematical model for data types in which a data type is defined by its behavior (semantics) from the point of view of a user of the data, specifically in terms of possible values, possible operations on data of this type, and the behavior of these operations.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"abstraction","answer":"ABSTRACTION","clue":"The process of removing physical, spatial, or temporal details or attributes in the study of objects or systems in order to more closely attend to other details of interest","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"abstract method","answer":"ABSTRACTMETHOD","clue":"One with only a signature and no implementation body.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Abstract operation","answer":"ABSTRACTOPERATION","clue":"Unlike attributes, class operations can be abstract, meaning that there is no provided implementation.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Accelerated Graphics Port","answer":"ACCELERATEDGRAPHICSPORT","clue":"A dedicated video bus standard introduced by INTEL enabling 3D graphics capabilities; commonly present on an AGP slot on the motherboard.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"accelerating change","answer":"ACCELERATINGCHANGE","clue":"A perceived increase in the rate of technological change throughout history, which may suggest faster and more profound change in the future and may or may not be accompanied by equally profound social and cultural change.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"accelerator","answer":"ACCELERATOR","clue":"A microprocessor, ASIC, or expansion card designed to offload a specific task from the CPU, often containing fixed-function hardware.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Accent","answer":"ACCENT","clue":"An this concept is a typically bright color that contrasts with the more utilitarian background and foreground colors within a color scheme.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/accent/index.md"},{"term":"Access control lists","answer":"ACCESSCONTROLLISTS","clue":"Does the file system support multi-user this concept (ACLs).","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1375520183"},{"term":"Access date","answer":"ACCESSDATE","clue":"This is the date the file was last accessed. An access can be a move, an open, or any other simple access.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1375520183"},{"term":"Accessibility","answer":"ACCESSIBILITY","clue":"this concept (A11y) means enabling as many people as possible to use websites, including those with limited abilities.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/accessibility/index.md"},{"term":"Accessibility tree","answer":"ACCESSIBILITYTREE","clue":"The this concept contains accessibility-related information for most HTML elements.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/accessibility_tree/index.md"},{"term":"Accessible description","answer":"ACCESSIBLEDESCRIPTION","clue":"An this concept is the description of a user interface element that provides additional information to help users of assistive technology understand the UI element and its context.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/accessible_description/index.md"},{"term":"Accessible name","answer":"ACCESSIBLENAME","clue":"An this concept is the name of a user interface element; it is the text associated with an HTML element that provides users of assistive technology with a label for the element.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/accessible_name/index.md"},{"term":"access token","answer":"ACCESSTOKEN","clue":"In Microsoft Windows operating systems, an this concept contains the security credentials for a login session and identifies the user, the user's groups, the user's privileges, and, in some cases, a particular application.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336240793"},{"term":"accumulator","answer":"ACCUMULATOR","clue":"A register that holds the result of previous operation in ALU.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Acquisition","answer":"ACQUISITION","clue":"The process of creating a duplicate copy of digital media for the purposes of examining it","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1221924731"},{"term":"Action","answer":"ACTION","clue":"An this concept is the fundamental unit of behaviour specification and represents some transformation or processing in the modeled system, such as invoking a method of a class or a sub activity","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"action language","answer":"ACTIONLANGUAGE","clue":"A language for specifying state transition systems, and is commonly used to create formal models of the effects of actions on the world.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"action model learning","answer":"ACTIONMODELLEARNING","clue":"An area of machine learning concerned with creation and modification of software agent's knowledge about effects and preconditions of the actions that can be executed within its environment.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"action selection","answer":"ACTIONSELECTION","clue":"A way of characterizing the most basic problem of intelligent systems: what to do next.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Activation","answer":"ACTIVATION","clue":"the time during which an object has a method executing.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"activation function","answer":"ACTIVATIONFUNCTION","clue":"In artificial neural networks, the this concept of a node defines the output of that node given an input or set of inputs.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Active object","answer":"ACTIVEOBJECT","clue":"an object running under its own thread","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Activity diagram","answer":"ACTIVITYDIAGRAM","clue":"a diagram that describes procedural logic, business process or work flow.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Activity final","answer":"ACTIVITYFINAL","clue":"the end point of an activity diagram. When a thread reaches an this concept node, all the threads of the activity terminate.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Actor","answer":"ACTOR","clue":"a role that a user takes when invoking a use case.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"adaptive algorithm","answer":"ADAPTIVEALGORITHM","clue":"An algorithm that changes its behavior at the time it is run, based on a priori defined reward mechanism or criterion.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Additive blending","answer":"ADDITIVEBLENDING","clue":"A compositing operation where without the use of an alpha channel, used for various effects.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"address","answer":"ADDRESS","clue":"The unique integer number that identifies a memory location or an input/output port in an this concept space.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"address space","answer":"ADDRESSSPACE","clue":"A mapping of logical addresses into physical memory or other memory-mapped devices.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Adobe Flash","answer":"ADOBEFLASH","clue":"Flash is an obsolete technology developed by Adobe for viewing expressive web applications, multimedia content, and streaming media.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/adobe_flash/index.md"},{"term":"ADSL","answer":"ADSL","clue":"Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line is a technology for transmitting digital information at a high bandwidth on existing phone lines to homes and businesses.","category":"Networks & web","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1223442825"},{"term":"Advanced Technology eXtended","answer":"ADVANCEDTECHNOLOGYEXTENDED","clue":"A motherboard form factor specification developed by Intel in 1995 to improve on previous DE factor standards like the AT form factor.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Advance measure","answer":"ADVANCEMEASURE","clue":"The this concept is the total space the glyph takes, either horizontally or vertically, depending on the current writing direction.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/advance_measure/index.md"},{"term":"affective computing","answer":"AFFECTIVECOMPUTING","clue":"Also artificial emotional intelligence or emotion AI.The study and development of systems and devices that can recognize, interpret, process, and simulate human affects.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Affine texture mapping","answer":"AFFINETEXTUREMAPPING","clue":"Linear interpolation of texture coordinates in screen space without taking perspective into account, causing texture distortion.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"agent architecture","answer":"AGENTARCHITECTURE","clue":"A blueprint for software agents and intelligent control systems depicting the arrangement of components.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"agent-based model","answer":"AGENTBASEDMODEL","clue":"A class of computational models for simulating the actions and interactions of autonomous agents (both individual or collective entities such as organizations or groups) with a view to assessing their effects on the system as a whole.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"aggregate function","answer":"AGGREGATEFUNCTION","clue":"In database management, a function in which the values of multiple rows are grouped together to form a single value of more significant meaning or measurement, such as a sum, count, or max.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Aggregate on-chip memory","answer":"AGGREGATEONCHIPMEMORY","clue":"Refers to total on-chip memory available for multi-FPGA systems.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360795787"},{"term":"Aggregate root","answer":"AGGREGATEROOT","clue":"Domain object that controls access to a cluster of related objects and enforces their invariants.","category":"Software design","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Aggregation","answer":"AGGREGATION","clue":"1. a special type of association used to represent a stronger relationship between two classes than a regular association; typically read as \"owns a\", as in, \"Class A owns a Class B\".","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"agile software development","answer":"AGILESOFTWAREDEVELOPMENT","clue":"An approach to software development under which requirements and solutions evolve through the collaborative effort of self-organizing and cross-functional teams and their customer(s)/end user(s).","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"AI accelerator","answer":"AIACCELERATOR","clue":"A class of microprocessor or computer system designed as hardware acceleration for artificial intelligence applications, especially artificial neural networks, machine vision, and machine learning.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"AI bubble","answer":"AIBUBBLE","clue":"Theorised stock market bubble growing amidst the AI boom, a period of rapid increase in investment in artificial intelligence (AI) that is affecting the broader economy.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"AI data center","answer":"AIDATACENTER","clue":"A specialized data center facility designed for the computationally intensive tasks of training and running inference for artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning models.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Algebraic distance","answer":"ALGEBRAICDISTANCE","clue":"or algebraic error. The this concept from a point xi to a curve or surface defined by is the value of , i.e. the residual in the least squares problem with data point (xi, 0) and model function f.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"algorithm","answer":"ALGORITHM","clue":"An unambiguous specification of how to solve a class of problems.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"algorithm design","answer":"ALGORITHMDESIGN","clue":"A method or mathematical process for problem-solving and for engineering algorithms.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"algorithmic efficiency","answer":"ALGORITHMICEFFICIENCY","clue":"A property of an algorithm which relates to the number of computational resources used by the algorithm.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"algorithmic probability","answer":"ALGORITHMICPROBABILITY","clue":"In algorithmic information theory, this concept, also known as Solomonoff probability, is a mathematical method of assigning a prior probability to a given observation.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Aliasing","answer":"ALIASING","clue":"Unwanted effect arising when sampling high-frequency signals, in computer graphics appearing e.g. when downscaling images.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Alignment container","answer":"ALIGNMENTCONTAINER","clue":"The this concept is the rectangle that the alignment subject is aligned within.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/alignment_container/index.md"},{"term":"Alignment subject","answer":"ALIGNMENTSUBJECT","clue":"In CSS box alignment the this concept is the thing (or things) being aligned within the alignment container by the property.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/alignment_subject/index.md"},{"term":"Allocation","answer":"ALLOCATION","clue":"is the assignment of available resources in an economic way.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Alpha","answer":"ALPHA","clue":"The this concept channel specifies the opacity of a <color>.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/alpha/index.md"},{"term":"Alpha channel","answer":"ALPHACHANNEL","clue":"An additional image channel (e.g. extending an RGB image) or standalone channel controlling alpha blending.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"AlphaGo","answer":"ALPHAGO","clue":"A computer program that plays the board game Go.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"ALPN","answer":"ALPN","clue":"Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation (this concept) is a TLS extension (defined in RFC 7301) for identifying what application-layer protocol is negotiating the encrypted connection, without requiring additional round trips to do so.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/alpn/index.md"},{"term":"Ambient lighting","answer":"AMBIENTLIGHTING","clue":"An approximation to the light entering a region from a wide range of directions, used to avoid needing an exact solution to the rendering equation.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Ambient occlusion","answer":"AMBIENTOCCLUSION","clue":"Effect approximating, in an inexpensive way, one aspect of global illumination by taking into account how much ambient light is blocked by nearby geometry, adding visual clues about the shape.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"analysis of algorithms","answer":"ANALYSISOFALGORITHMS","clue":"The determination of the computational complexity of algorithms, that is the amount of time, storage and/or other resources necessary to execute them.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Analytic model","answer":"ANALYTICMODEL","clue":"A mathematical model for a phenomenon to be simulated, e.g. some approximation to surface shading.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"analytics","answer":"ANALYTICS","clue":"The discovery, interpretation, and communication of meaningful patterns in data.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Angular resolution","answer":"ANGULARRESOLUTION","clue":"Describes the resolving power of any image forming device such as an optical or radio telescope, a microscope, a camera, or an eye.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Anisotropic filtering","answer":"ANISOTROPICFILTERING","clue":"Advanced texture filtering improving on mipmapping, preventing aliasing while reducing blur in textured polygons at oblique angles to the camera.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"answer set programming","answer":"ANSWERSETPROGRAMMING","clue":"A form of declarative programming oriented towards difficult (primarily NP-hard) search problems.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"ant colony optimization","answer":"ANTCOLONYOPTIMIZATION","clue":"A probabilistic technique for solving computational problems that can be reduced to finding good paths through graphs.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Anti-aliasing","answer":"ANTIALIASING","clue":"Methods for filtering and sampling to avoid visual artifacts associated with the uniform pixel grid in 3D rendering.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Anti entropy","answer":"ANTIENTROPY","clue":"Replica reconciliation process that repairs divergent copies of data.","category":"Distributed systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"anytime algorithm","answer":"ANYTIMEALGORITHM","clue":"An algorithm that can return a valid solution to a problem even if it is interrupted before it ends.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Aperture","answer":"APERTURE","clue":"In context of photography or machine vision, this concept refers to the diameter of the this concept stop of a photographic lens.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"API","answer":"API","clue":"An this concept (Application Programming Interface) is a set of features and rules that exist inside a software program (the application) enabling interaction with it through software - as opposed to a human user interface.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/api/index.md"},{"term":"Apple Safari","answer":"APPLESAFARI","clue":"Safari is a web browser developed by Apple and is built into Apple's operating systems, including macOS (for Mac computers), iPadOS (for iPad tablets), iOS (for iPhones), and visionOS (for augmented reality devices like the Apple Vision Pro).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/apple_safari/index.md"},{"term":"Application context","answer":"APPLICATIONCONTEXT","clue":"this concept refers to the top-level browsing context of a web application.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/application_context/index.md"},{"term":"application software","answer":"APPLICATIONSOFTWARE","clue":"Computer software designed to perform a group of coordinated functions, tasks, or activities for the benefit of the user.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"approximate string matching","answer":"APPROXIMATESTRINGMATCHING","clue":"Also fuzzy string searching.The technique of finding strings that match a pattern approximately (rather than exactly).","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"approximation error","answer":"APPROXIMATIONERROR","clue":"The discrepancy between an exact value and some approximation to it.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Argument","answer":"ARGUMENT","clue":"Arguments are values (primitive or object) passed as input to a function.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/argument/index.md"},{"term":"argumentation framework","answer":"ARGUMENTATIONFRAMEWORK","clue":"Also argumentation system.A way to deal with contentious information and draw conclusions from it.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"ARIA","answer":"ARIA","clue":"this concept (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) is a W3C specification developed by WAI to make Web content and Web applications more accessible to people with disabilities.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/aria/index.md"},{"term":"ARPA","answer":"ARPA","clue":"The name came from this concept, currently known as DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/arpa/index.md"},{"term":"ARPANET","answer":"ARPANET","clue":"The this concept (Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork) was an early computer network, constructed in 1969 as a robust medium to transmit sensitive military data and to connect leading research groups throughout the United States.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/arpanet/index.md"},{"term":"Array","answer":"ARRAY","clue":"An this concept is an ordered collection of data (either primitive or object depending upon the language).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/array/index.md"},{"term":"array data structure","answer":"ARRAYDATASTRUCTURE","clue":"A data structure consisting of a collection of elements (values or variables), each identified by at least one array index or key.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Array texture","answer":"ARRAYTEXTURE","clue":"A form of texture map containing an array of 2D texture slices selectable by a 3rd 'W' texture coordinate; used to reduce state changes in 3D rendering.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"artifact","answer":"ARTIFACT","clue":"One of many kinds of tangible by-products produced during the development of software.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"artificial immune system","answer":"ARTIFICIALIMMUNESYSTEM","clue":"A class of computationally intelligent, rule-based machine learning systems inspired by the principles and processes of the vertebrate immune system.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"artificial intelligence","answer":"ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE","clue":"Intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence displayed by humans and other animals.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"ASCII","answer":"ASCII","clue":"this concept (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is a character encoding standard using 7-bit to represent 128 characters used by computers and other devices for encoding letters, numbers, punctuation, and control codes into digital form.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/ascii/index.md"},{"term":"aspect ratio","answer":"ASPECTRATIO","clue":"The this concept of an image is its displayed width divided by its height (usually expressed as \"x:y\").","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"assertion","answer":"ASSERTION","clue":"In computer programming, a statement that a predicate (Boolean-valued function, i.e. a true–false expression) is always true at that point in code execution.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Association","answer":"ASSOCIATION","clue":"1. a relationship with 2 or more ends, where each end is on a class (or other classifier).","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Association class","answer":"ASSOCIATIONCLASS","clue":"a class that describes an association.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"associative array","answer":"ASSOCIATIVEARRAY","clue":"An this concept, map, symbol table, or dictionary is an abstract data type composed of a collection of (key, value) pairs, such that each possible key appears at most once in the collection.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Asynchronous","answer":"ASYNCHRONOUS","clue":"The sender of an this concept message does not wait for a response.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"ATAG","answer":"ATAG","clue":"Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (this concept) is a W3C recommendation for building accessible-authoring tools that produce accessible contents.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/atag/index.md"},{"term":"Attention","answer":"ATTENTION","clue":"Mechanism that computes weighted combinations of representations according to their relevance.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"attention 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real-world environment where the objects that reside in the real-world are \"augmented\" by computer-generated perceptual information, sometimes across multiple sensory modalities, including visual, auditory, haptic, somatosensory, and olfactory.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Authentication","answer":"AUTHENTICATION","clue":"this concept is in general the process of proving that some fact is genuine.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/authentication/index.md"},{"term":"Authentication key","answer":"AUTHENTICATIONKEY","clue":"Key used in a keyed-hash message authentication code, or HMAC.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Authenticator","answer":"AUTHENTICATOR","clue":"An this concept is an entity that can perform the cryptographic operations needed to register and authenticate users, and securely store the cryptographic keys used in these operations.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/authenticator/index.md"},{"term":"Autoencoder","answer":"AUTOENCODER","clue":"Neural model trained to reconstruct its input through an intermediate representation.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"automata theory","answer":"AUTOMATATHEORY","clue":"The study of abstract machines and automata, as well as the computational problems that can be solved using them.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"automated machine learning","answer":"AUTOMATEDMACHINELEARNING","clue":"A field of machine learning (ML) which aims to automatically configure an ML system to maximize its performance (e.g, classification accuracy).","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"automated reasoning","answer":"AUTOMATEDREASONING","clue":"An area of computer science and mathematical logic dedicated to understanding different aspects of reasoning.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"autonomic computing","answer":"AUTONOMICCOMPUTING","clue":"The self-managing characteristics of distributed computing resources, adapting to unpredictable changes while hiding intrinsic complexity to operators and users.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"autonomous car","answer":"AUTONOMOUSCAR","clue":"Also self-driving car, robot car, and driverless car.A vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and moving with little or no human input.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"autonomous robot","answer":"AUTONOMOUSROBOT","clue":"A robot that performs behaviors or tasks with a high degree of autonomy.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Auto-sequencing memory","answer":"AUTOSEQUENCINGMEMORY","clue":"Anti machine data memory including data counters to be programmed by flowware to generate the data streams at run time.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360795787"},{"term":"AZDO","answer":"AZDO","clue":"Approaching zero driver overhead, a set of techniques aimed at reducing the CPU overhead in preparing and submitting rendering commands in the OpenGL pipeline.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Backed-up date","answer":"BACKEDUPDATE","clue":"The date and time when the file was last backed up.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1375520183"},{"term":"Back-face culling","answer":"BACKFACECULLING","clue":"Culling (discarding) of polygons that are facing backwards from the camera.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Backpressure","answer":"BACKPRESSURE","clue":"Flow-control mechanism that slows producers when downstream consumers cannot keep up.","category":"Distributed systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Backpropagation","answer":"BACKPROPAGATION","clue":"Applying the chain rule backward through a computation graph to calculate parameter gradients.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"backpropagation through time","answer":"BACKPROPAGATIONTHROUGHTIME","clue":"A gradient-based technique for training certain types of recurrent neural networks, such as Elman networks.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"backward chaining","answer":"BACKWARDCHAINING","clue":"Also backward reasoning.An inference method described colloquially as working backward from the goal.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Bacon–Shor code","answer":"BACONSHORCODE","clue":"is a Subsystem error correcting code. In a Subsystem code, information is encoded in a subsystem of a Hilbert space.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368754231"},{"term":"Bad sector allocation","answer":"BADSECTORALLOCATION","clue":"Describe how the file system allocates and isolates bad sectors.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1375520183"},{"term":"bag-of-words model","answer":"BAGOFWORDSMODEL","clue":"A simplifying representation used in natural language processing and information retrieval (IR).","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Baking","answer":"BAKING","clue":"Performing an expensive calculation offline, and caching the results in a texture map or vertex attributes.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"bandwidth","answer":"BANDWIDTH","clue":"The maximum rate of data transfer across a given path.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Barcode","answer":"BARCODE","clue":"A this concept (also bar code) is a machine-readable representation of information in a visual format on a surface.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Barycentric coordinates","answer":"BARYCENTRICCOORDINATES","clue":"Three-element coordinates of a point inside a triangle.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Baseline","answer":"BASELINE","clue":"The term this concept can have several meanings depending on the context.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/baseline/index.md"},{"term":"Batch normalization","answer":"BATCHNORMALIZATION","clue":"Neural-network technique that normalizes activations using batch statistics during training.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Bayesian programming","answer":"BAYESIANPROGRAMMING","clue":"A formalism and a methodology for having a technique to specify probabilistic models and solve problems when less than the necessary information is available.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Beacon","answer":"BEACON","clue":"A web this concept is a small object, such as a 1 pixel gif, embedded in markup, used to communicate information back to the web server or to third-party servers.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/beacon/index.md"},{"term":"Beam search","answer":"BEAMSEARCH","clue":"Sequence decoding method that retains several promising partial outputs at each step.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Beam tracing","answer":"BEAMTRACING","clue":"Modification of ray tracing which instead of lines uses pyramid-shaped beams to address some of the shortcomings of traditional ray tracing, such as aliasing.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"bees algorithm","answer":"BEESALGORITHM","clue":"A population-based search algorithm which was developed by Pham, Ghanbarzadeh and et al. in 2005.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"behavior informatics","answer":"BEHAVIORINFORMATICS","clue":"The informatics of behaviors so as to obtain behavior intelligence and behavior insights.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"behavior tree","answer":"BEHAVIORTREE","clue":"A mathematical model of plan execution used in computer science, robotics, control systems and video games.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"benchmark","answer":"BENCHMARK","clue":"The act of running a computer program, a set of programs, or other operations, in order to assess the relative performance of an object, normally by running a number of standard tests and trials against it.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Benefits management plan","answer":"BENEFITSMANAGEMENTPLAN","clue":"a document that describes the activities necessary for achieving the benefits of a project and when these planned benefits will be delivered.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Benign key","answer":"BENIGNKEY","clue":"(NSA) a key that has been protected by encryption or other means so that it can be distributed without fear of its being stolen.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"bfcache","answer":"BFCACHE","clue":"The back/forward cache, or this concept, is a performance-enhancing feature available in modern browsers that enables instant back and forward navigation between previously-visited pages.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/bfcache/index.md"},{"term":"bias","answer":"BIAS","clue":"1. Any feature of a sample that is not representative of the larger population.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"bias–variance tradeoff","answer":"BIASVARIANCETRADEOFF","clue":"In statistics and machine learning, the this concept is the property of a set of predictive models whereby models with a lower bias in parameter estimation have a higher variance of the parameter estimates across samples, and vice versa.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Bicubic interpolation","answer":"BICUBICINTERPOLATION","clue":"Extension of cubic interpolation to 2D, commonly used when scaling textures.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"BiDi","answer":"BIDI","clue":"this concept (BiDirectional) describes a document that contains both right-to-left (RTL) and left-to-right (LTR) text.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/bidi/index.md"},{"term":"big data","answer":"BIGDATA","clue":"A term used to refer to data sets that are too large or complex for traditional data-processing application software to adequately deal with.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"BigInt","answer":"BIGINT","clue":"In JavaScript, this concept is a numeric data type that can represent integers in the arbitrary precision format.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/bigint/index.md"},{"term":"big O notation","answer":"BIGONOTATION","clue":"A mathematical notation that describes the limiting behavior of a function when the argument tends towards a particular value or infinity.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Bilinear interpolation","answer":"BILINEARINTERPOLATION","clue":"Linear interpolation extended to 2D, commonly used when scaling textures.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Billboard","answer":"BILLBOARD","clue":"A textured rectangle that keeps itself oriented towards the camera, typically used e.g. for vegetation or particle effects.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"binary data","answer":"BINARYDATA","clue":"Data that can take only two values, usually represented by the binary digits 0 and 1.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"binary number","answer":"BINARYNUMBER","clue":"In mathematics and digital electronics, a number expressed in the base-2 numeral system or binary numeral system, which uses only two symbols: typically 0 (zero) and 1 (one).","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"binary search algorithm","answer":"BINARYSEARCHALGORITHM","clue":"A search algorithm that finds the position of a target value within a sorted array.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Binary space partitioning","answer":"BINARYSPACEPARTITIONING","clue":"A data structure that can be used to accelerate visibility determination, used e.g. in Doom engine.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"binary tree","answer":"BINARYTREE","clue":"A tree data structure in which each node has at most two children, which are referred to as the left child and the right child.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Binding","answer":"BINDING","clue":"Selecting a resource (texture, buffer, etc.) to be referenced by future commands.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"bioinformatics","answer":"BIOINFORMATICS","clue":"An interdisciplinary field that combines biology, computer science, information engineering, mathematics, and statistics to develop methods and software tools for analyzing and interpreting biological data.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"bit","answer":"BIT","clue":"A basic unit of information used in computing and digital communications; a portmanteau of binary digit.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Bit depth","answer":"BITDEPTH","clue":"The number of bits per pixel, sample, or texel in a bitmap image (holding one or more image channels, typical values being 4, 8, 16, 24, 32)","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Bitmap","answer":"BITMAP","clue":"A raster graphics image, digital image, or this concept, is a data file or structure representing a generally rectangular grid of pixels, or points of color, on a computer monitor, paper, or other display device.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Bit plane","answer":"BITPLANE","clue":"A format for bitmap images storing 1 bit per pixel in a contiguous 2D array; Several such parallel arrays combine to produce the a higher-bit-depth image.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"bit rate","answer":"BITRATE","clue":"In telecommunications and computing, the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Bitstream","answer":"BITSTREAM","clue":"The file that configures the FPGA (has a .bit extension).","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360795787"},{"term":"Bitwise flags","answer":"BITWISEFLAGS","clue":"this concept are sets of variables, usually simple number values, which can be used to enable or disable specific usages or features of a method or other code structure.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/bitwise_flags/index.md"},{"term":"bivariate analysis","answer":"BIVARIATEANALYSIS","clue":"A type of quantitative statistical analysis in which exactly two variables are analyzed, for the purpose of determining the empirical relationship between them.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"blackboard system","answer":"BLACKBOARDSYSTEM","clue":"An artificial intelligence approach based on the blackboard architectural model, where a common knowledge base, the \"blackboard\", is iteratively updated by a diverse group of specialist knowledge sources, starting with a problem specification and ending with a solution.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"blacklist","answer":"BLACKLIST","clue":"In computing, a basic access control mechanism that allows through all elements (email addresses, users, passwords, URLs, IP addresses, domain names, file hashes, etc.), except those explicitly mentioned in a list of prohibited elements.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Blend operation","answer":"BLENDOPERATION","clue":"A render state controlling alpha blending, describing a formula for combining source and destination pixels.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Blink","answer":"BLINK","clue":"this concept is an open-source browser rendering engine developed by Google as part of Chromium (and therefore part of Chrome as well).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/blink/index.md"},{"term":"blink element","answer":"BLINKELEMENT","clue":"The element (blink tag) is an obsolete HTML feature no longer supported by web browsers and no longer documented on MDN.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/blink_element/index.md"},{"term":"Blob discovery","answer":"BLOBDISCOVERY","clue":"Inspecting an image for discrete blobs of connected pixels (e.g. a black hole in a grey object) as image landmarks.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Block","answer":"BLOCK","clue":"this concept is a place where all the aggregates are collected at one place","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Block cipher mode of operation","answer":"BLOCKCIPHERMODEOFOPERATION","clue":"A this concept, usually just called a \"mode\" in context, specifies how a block cipher should be used to encrypt or decrypt messages that are longer than the block size.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/block_cipher_mode_of_operation/index.md"},{"term":"blocking","answer":"BLOCKING","clue":"In experimental design, the arranging of experimental units in groups (\"blocks\") that are similar to one another.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Block-level content","answer":"BLOCKLEVELCONTENT","clue":"In CSS, content that participates in block layout is called this concept.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/block-level_content/index.md"},{"term":"Blogging","answer":"BLOGGING","clue":"Writing on or otherwise using online journals known as web logs or blogs","category":"Networks & web","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1223442825"},{"term":"Bloom filter","answer":"BLOOMFILTER","clue":"Probabilistic membership structure with possible false positives but no false negatives for inserted items.","category":"Databases","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Blue green deployment","answer":"BLUEGREENDEPLOYMENT","clue":"Release approach that switches traffic between two complete application environments.","category":"Software delivery","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Blu-ray Disc","answer":"BLURAYDISC","clue":"An optical disc storage medium designed to supersede the DVD format.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"BMP file format","answer":"BMPFILEFORMAT","clue":"A raster graphics image file format used to store bitmap digital images independently of the display device (such as a graphics adapter), used especially on Microsoft Windows and OS/2 operating systems.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Boltzmann machine","answer":"BOLTZMANNMACHINE","clue":"Also stochastic Hopfield network with hidden units.A type of stochastic recurrent neural network and Markov random field.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Bone","answer":"BONE","clue":"Coordinate systems used to control surface deformation (via Weight maps) during skeletal animation.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Boolean","answer":"BOOLEAN","clue":"In computer science, a this concept is a logical data type that can have only the values true or false.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/boolean/index.md"},{"term":"Boolean algebra","answer":"BOOLEANALGEBRA","clue":"In mathematics and mathematical logic, the branch of algebra in which the values of the variables are the truth values true and false, usually denoted 1 and 0, respectively.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Boolean data type","answer":"BOOLEANDATATYPE","clue":"A data type that has one of two possible values (usually denoted true and false), intended to represent the two truth values of logic and Boolean algebra.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Boolean expression","answer":"BOOLEANEXPRESSION","clue":"An expression used in a programming language that returns a Boolean value when evaluated, that is one of true or false.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"boosting","answer":"BOOSTING","clue":"A machine learning ensemble metaheuristic for primarily reducing bias (as opposed to variance), by training models sequentially, each one correcting the errors of its predecessor.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"booting","answer":"BOOTING","clue":"The procedures implemented in starting up a computer or computer appliance until it can be used.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"bootstrap aggregating","answer":"BOOTSTRAPAGGREGATING","clue":"Also bagging or bootstrapping.A machine learning ensemble metaheuristic for primarily reducing variance (as opposed to bias), by training multiple models independently and averaging their predictions.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"BOSCARD","answer":"BOSCARD","clue":"a strategic planning tool used in project management to give the Terms of reference for new projects.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Bottleneck","answer":"BOTTLENECK","clue":"An occurrence where a certain component compromises the way another component works.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Bounded context","answer":"BOUNDEDCONTEXT","clue":"Explicit boundary within which a domain model and its terminology have a consistent meaning.","category":"Software design","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Bounding box","answer":"BOUNDINGBOX","clue":"One of the simplest type of bounding volume, consisting of axis-aligned or object-aligned extents.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Bounding volume","answer":"BOUNDINGVOLUME","clue":"A mathematically simple volume, such as a sphere or a box, containing 3D objects, used to simplify and accelerate spatial tests (e.g. for visibility or collisions).","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Box fragment","answer":"BOXFRAGMENT","clue":"A this concept is an inline element that has been split over multiple lines and is controlled by box-decoration-break CSS property.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/box_fragment/index.md"},{"term":"BPM","answer":"BPM","clue":"Business Process Model, is used to define the process followed by the business.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"BPMN","answer":"BPMN","clue":"Business Process Modelling Notations, are used to define the process on paper with the help of predefined shapes of UML.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"BQP","answer":"BQP","clue":"In computational complexity theory, bounded-error quantum polynomial time (this concept) is the class of decision problems solvable by a quantum computer in polynomial time, with an error probability of at most 1/3 for all instances.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368754231"},{"term":"brain technology","answer":"BRAINTECHNOLOGY","clue":"Also self-learning know-how system.A technology that employs the latest findings in neuroscience.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"branching factor","answer":"BRANCHINGFACTOR","clue":"In computing, tree data structures, and game theory, the number of children at each node, the outdegree.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"BRDF","answer":"BRDF","clue":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs), empirical models defining 4D functions for surface shading indexed by a view vector and light vector relative to a surface.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Brotli compression","answer":"BROTLICOMPRESSION","clue":"Brotli is a general-purpose lossless compression algorithm.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/brotli_compression/index.md"},{"term":"Browser","answer":"BROWSER","clue":"A web this concept or this concept is a program that retrieves and displays pages from the web, and lets users access additional pages through hyperlinks.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/browser/index.md"},{"term":"Browsing context","answer":"BROWSINGCONTEXT","clue":"A this concept is an environment in which a browser displays a Document.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/browsing_context/index.md"},{"term":"brute-force search","answer":"BRUTEFORCESEARCH","clue":"Also exhaustive search or generate and test.A very general problem-solving technique and algorithmic paradigm that consists of systematically enumerating all possible candidates for the solution and checking whether each candidate satisfies the problem's statement.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"B tree","answer":"BTREE","clue":"Balanced multiway search tree commonly used for database and filesystem indexes.","category":"Databases","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Budget","answer":"BUDGET","clue":"generally refers to a list of all planned expenses and revenues.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Buffer","answer":"BUFFER","clue":"A this concept is a storage in physical memory used to temporarily store data while it is being transferred from one place to another.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/buffer/index.md"},{"term":"Bulkhead","answer":"BULKHEAD","clue":"Isolation pattern that prevents one exhausted resource pool from taking down unrelated workloads.","category":"Software design","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Bump mapping","answer":"BUMPMAPPING","clue":"Technique similar to normal mapping that instead of normal maps uses so called bump maps (height maps).","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Bun","answer":"BUN","clue":"this concept is a fast and modern JavaScript runtime environment designed to prioritize performance and developer tooling.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/bun/index.md"},{"term":"bus","answer":"BUS","clue":"A common path shared by multiple subsystems or components to send / receive signals.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Business analysis","answer":"BUSINESSANALYSIS","clue":"is the set of tasks, knowledge, and techniques required to identify business needs and determine solutions to business problems.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Business case","answer":"BUSINESSCASE","clue":"a document that examines business need and cost-benefits analysis of a project to justify the approval of the project and to set its boundaries.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Business model","answer":"BUSINESSMODEL","clue":"is a profit-producing system that has an important degree of independence from the other systems within an enterprise.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Business operations","answer":"BUSINESSOPERATIONS","clue":"are those ongoing recurring activities involved in the running of a business for the purpose of producing value for the stakeholders.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Business process","answer":"BUSINESSPROCESS","clue":"is a collection of related, structured activities or tasks that produce a specific service or product (serve a particular goal) for a particular customer or customers.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Business process modeling","answer":"BUSINESSPROCESSMODELING","clue":"(BPM) is the activity of representing processes of an enterprise, so that the current (\"as is\") process may be analyzed and improved in future (\"to be\").","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"BVH","answer":"BVH","clue":"Bounding volume hierarchy is a tree structure on a set of geometric objects.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"byte","answer":"BYTE","clue":"A unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits, representing a binary number.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Cable modem","answer":"CABLEMODEM","clue":"Primary competitor to ADSL, uses digital information transmitted over a cable television infrastructure.","category":"Networks & web","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1223442825"},{"term":"cache","answer":"CACHE","clue":"In computer science, a this concept is a component that transparently stores data so that future requests for that data can be served faster.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336240793"},{"term":"Cacheable","answer":"CACHEABLE","clue":"A this concept response is an HTTP response that can be cached, that is stored to be retrieved and used later, saving a new request to the server.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/cacheable/index.md"},{"term":"cache coherency","answer":"CACHECOHERENCY","clue":"The process of keeping data in multiple caches synchronised in a multiprocessor shared memory system, also required when DMA modifies the underlying memory.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"cache eviction","answer":"CACHEEVICTION","clue":"Freeing up data from within a cache to make room for new cache entries to be allocated; controlled by a cache replacement policy.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"cache hit","answer":"CACHEHIT","clue":"Finding data in a local cache, preventing the need to search for that resource in a more distant location (or to repeat a calculation).","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"cache line","answer":"CACHELINE","clue":"A small block of memory within a cache; the granularity of allocation, refills, eviction; typically 32–128 bytes in size.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"cache miss","answer":"CACHEMISS","clue":"Not finding data in a local cache, requiring use of the cache policy to allocate and fill this data, and possibly performing evicting other data to make room.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"cache thrashing","answer":"CACHETHRASHING","clue":"A pathological situation where access in a cache cause cyclical cache misses by evicting data that is needed in the near future.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"cache ways","answer":"CACHEWAYS","clue":"The number of potential cache lines in an associative cache that specific physical addresses can be mapped to; higher values reduce potential collisions in allocation.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"CalDAV","answer":"CALDAV","clue":"this concept (Calendaring extensions to WebDAV) is a protocol standardized by the IETF and used to remotely access calendar data from a server.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/caldav/index.md"},{"term":"callback","answer":"CALLBACK","clue":"Any executable code that is passed as an argument to other code that is expected to \"call back\" (execute) the argument at a given time.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Callback function","answer":"CALLBACKFUNCTION","clue":"A this concept is a function passed into another function as an argument, which is then invoked inside the outer function to complete some kind of routine or action.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/callback_function/index.md"},{"term":"Call stack","answer":"CALLSTACK","clue":"A this concept is a mechanism for an interpreter (like the JavaScript interpreter in a web browser) to keep track of its place in a script that calls multiple functions — what function is currently being run and what functions are called from within that function, etc.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/call_stack/index.md"},{"term":"Camel case","answer":"CAMELCASE","clue":"this concept is a way of writing phrases without spaces, where the first letter of each word is capitalized, except for the first letter of the entire compound word, which may be either upper or lower case.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/camel_case/index.md"},{"term":"Camera","answer":"CAMERA","clue":"A virtual this concept from which rendering is performed, also sometimes referred to as 'eye'.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Camera Link","answer":"CAMERALINK","clue":"this concept is a serial communication protocol designed for computer vision applications based on the National Semiconductor interface Channel-link.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Camera space","answer":"CAMERASPACE","clue":"A space with the camera at the origin, aligned with the viewer's direction, after the application of the world transformation and view transformation.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Canary release","answer":"CANARYRELEASE","clue":"Rollout technique that exposes a new version to a small subset before wider deployment.","category":"Software delivery","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Canonical order","answer":"CANONICALORDER","clue":"In CSS, this concept is used to refer to the order in which separate values need to be specified (or parsed) or are to be serialized as part of a CSS property value.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/canonical_order/index.md"},{"term":"Canvas","answer":"CANVAS","clue":"The this concept element is part of HTML5 and allows for dynamic, scriptable rendering>) of 2D and 3D shapes and bitmap images.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/canvas/index.md"},{"term":"Capability maturity model","answer":"CAPABILITYMATURITYMODEL","clue":"(CMM) in software engineering is a model of the maturity of the capability of certain business processes.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"capsule neural network","answer":"CAPSULENEURALNETWORK","clue":"A machine learning system that is a type of artificial neural network (ANN) that can be used to better model hierarchical relationships.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"CardDAV","answer":"CARDDAV","clue":"this concept (vCard Extension to WebDAV) is a protocol standardized by the IETF and used to remote-access or share contact information over a server.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/carddav/index.md"},{"term":"Cardinality","answer":"CARDINALITY","clue":"Number of distinct values in a set or attribute.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"card reader","answer":"CARDREADER","clue":"Any data input device that reads data from a card-shaped storage medium such as a memory card.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Caret","answer":"CARET","clue":"A this concept (sometimes called a \"text cursor\") is an indicator displayed on the screen to indicate where text input will be inserted.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/caret/index.md"},{"term":"case-based reasoning","answer":"CASEBASEDREASONING","clue":"Broadly construed, the process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Case study","answer":"CASESTUDY","clue":"is a research method which involves an in-depth, longitudinal examination of a single instance or event: a case.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Causality","answer":"CAUSALITY","clue":"Relationship that orders events when one can influence another.","category":"Distributed systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"causal study","answer":"CAUSALSTUDY","clue":"A statistical study in which the objective is to measure the effect of some variable on the outcome of a different variable.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"CDN","answer":"CDN","clue":"A this concept (Content Delivery Network) is a group of servers spread out over many locations.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/cdn/index.md"},{"term":"central processing unit","answer":"CENTRALPROCESSINGUNIT","clue":"The electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Certificate authority","answer":"CERTIFICATEAUTHORITY","clue":"A this concept (CA) is an organization that signs digital certificates and their associated public keys, thereby asserting that the contained information and keys are correct.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/certificate_authority/index.md"},{"term":"Certified","answer":"CERTIFIED","clue":"this concept means that an application, content or data transmission has successfully undergone evaluation by professionals with expertise in the relevant field, thereby indicating completeness, security and trustworthiness.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/certified/index.md"},{"term":"Change control","answer":"CHANGECONTROL","clue":"is the procedures used to ensure that changes (within quality management systems (QMS) and information technology (IT) systems) are introduced in a controlled and coordinated manner.","category":"Software 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in the written form of a natural language.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Character encoding","answer":"CHARACTERENCODING","clue":"this concept defines a mapping between bytes and text.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/character_encoding/index.md"},{"term":"Character reference","answer":"CHARACTERREFERENCE","clue":"An HTML this concept is an escape sequence of characters that is used to represent another character in the rendered web page.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/character_reference/index.md"},{"term":"Character set","answer":"CHARACTERSET","clue":"A this concept is an encoding system to let computers know how to recognize Character, including letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and whitespace.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/character_set/index.md"},{"term":"Charge-coupled device","answer":"CHARGECOUPLEDDEVICE","clue":"A this concept (CCD) is a sensor for recording images, consisting of an integrated circuit containing an array of linked, or coupled, capacitors.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"chatbot","answer":"CHATBOT","clue":"Also smartbot, talkbot, chatterbot, bot, IM bot, interactive agent, conversational interface, or artificial conversational entity.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"chipset","answer":"CHIPSET","clue":"A group of integrated circuits, or chips, that are designed to work together.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Chrome","answer":"CHROME","clue":"In a browser, the this concept is any visible aspect of a browser aside from the webpages themselves (e.g., toolbars, menu bar, tabs).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/chrome/index.md"},{"term":"CIA","answer":"CIA","clue":"this concept (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability) (also called the this concept triad or AIC triad) is a model that guides an organization's policies for information security.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/cia/index.md"},{"term":"cipher","answer":"CIPHER","clue":"In cryptography, an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption—a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a procedure.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Cipher suite","answer":"CIPHERSUITE","clue":"this concept is a combination of a key exchange algorithm, authentication method, bulk encryption cipher, and message authentication code.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/cipher_suite/index.md"},{"term":"Ciphertext","answer":"CIPHERTEXT","clue":"In cryptography, this concept is a scrambled message that conveys information but is not legible unless decrypted with the right cipher and the right secret (usually a key), reproducing the original Plaintext.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/ciphertext/index.md"},{"term":"Circuit breaker","answer":"CIRCUITBREAKER","clue":"Resilience pattern that stops calls to a failing dependency until a recovery probe is allowed.","category":"Software design","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"class","answer":"CLASS","clue":"In object-oriented programming, an extensible program-code-template for creating objects, providing initial values for state (member variables) and implementations of behavior (member functions or methods).","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"class-based programming","answer":"CLASSBASEDPROGRAMMING","clue":"A style of object-oriented programming (OOP) in which inheritance occurs via defining \"classes\" of objects, instead of via the objects alone (compare prototype-based programming).","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Class diagram","answer":"CLASSDIAGRAM","clue":"a type of static structure diagram that describes the structure of a system by showing the system's classes, their attributes and the relationships between the classes.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Classical shadow","answer":"CLASSICALSHADOW","clue":"is a protocol for predicting functions of a quantum state using only a logarithmic number of measurements.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368754231"},{"term":"Classifier","answer":"CLASSIFIER","clue":"a category of UML elements that have some common features, such as attributes or methods.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"client","answer":"CLIENT","clue":"A piece of computer hardware or software that accesses a service made available by a server.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Client-side rendering","answer":"CLIENTSIDERENDERING","clue":"this concept (CSR) refers to the practice of generating HTML content using JavaScript in the browser.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/csr/index.md"},{"term":"Clipping","answer":"CLIPPING","clue":"Limiting specific operations to a specific region, usually the view frustum.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Clipping plane","answer":"CLIPPINGPLANE","clue":"A plane used to clip rendering primitives in a graphics pipeline.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Clip space","answer":"CLIPSPACE","clue":"Coordinate space in which clipping is performed.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Clip window","answer":"CLIPWINDOW","clue":"A rectangular region in screen space, used during clipping.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"closure","answer":"CLOSURE","clue":"A technique for implementing lexically scoped name binding in a language with first-class functions.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"cloud","answer":"CLOUD","clue":"this concept computing operating systems are recent, and were not mentioned in Gagne's 8th Edition (2009).","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336240793"},{"term":"Cloud-based quantum computing","answer":"CLOUDBASEDQUANTUMCOMPUTING","clue":"is the invocation of quantum emulators, simulators or processors through the cloud.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368754231"},{"term":"cloud computing","answer":"CLOUDCOMPUTING","clue":"Shared pools of configurable computer system resources and higher-level services that can be rapidly provisioned with minimal management effort, often over the Internet.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"cloud robotics","answer":"CLOUDROBOTICS","clue":"A field of robotics that attempts to invoke cloud technologies such as cloud computing, cloud storage, and other Internet technologies centred on the benefits of converged infrastructure and shared services for robotics.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"cluster analysis","answer":"CLUSTERANALYSIS","clue":"Also clustering. The task of grouping a set of objects in such a way that objects in the same group (called a cluster) are more similar (in some sense) to each other than to those in other groups (clusters).","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"CLUT","answer":"CLUT","clue":"A table of RGB color values to be indexed by a lower-bit-depth image (typically 4–8 bits), a form of vector quantization.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"CMOS","answer":"CMOS","clue":"this concept (\"see-moss\")stands for complementary metal-oxide semiconductor, is a major class of integrated circuits.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"C-Mount","answer":"CMOUNT","clue":"Standardized adapter for optical lenses on CCD - cameras.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"CMS","answer":"CMS","clue":"A Content Management System (this concept) is software that allows users to publish, organize, change, or remove various kinds of content, not only text but also embedded images, video, audio, and interactive code.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/cms/index.md"},{"term":"CoaXPress","answer":"COAXPRESS","clue":"this concept (CXP) is an asymmetric high speed serial communication standard over coaxial cable.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Cobweb","answer":"COBWEB","clue":"An incremental system for hierarchical conceptual clustering.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Co-compilation","answer":"COCOMPILATION","clue":"Configware/software-this concept: compilation for generating software code and configware code, including automatic software/configware partitioning.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360795787"},{"term":"Codec","answer":"CODEC","clue":"A this concept (a blend word derived from \"coder-decoder\") is a program, algorithm, or device that encodes or decodes a data stream.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/codec/index.md"},{"term":"code library","answer":"CODELIBRARY","clue":"A collection of non-volatile resources used by computer programs, often for software development.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Code point","answer":"CODEPOINT","clue":"A this concept is a number assigned to represent an abstract character in a system for representing text (such as Unicode).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/code_point/index.md"},{"term":"Code splitting","answer":"CODESPLITTING","clue":"this concept is the practice of splitting the code a web application depends on — including its own code and any third-party dependencies — into separate bundles that can be loaded independently of each other.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/code_splitting/index.md"},{"term":"Code unit","answer":"CODEUNIT","clue":"A this concept is the basic component used by a character encoding system (such as UTF-8 or UTF-16).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/code_unit/index.md"},{"term":"coding","answer":"CODING","clue":"Computer programming is the process of designing and building an executable computer program for accomplishing a specific computing task.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"coding theory","answer":"CODINGTHEORY","clue":"The study of the properties of codes and their respective fitness for specific applications.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"cognitive computing","answer":"COGNITIVECOMPUTING","clue":"In general, the term this concept has been used to refer to new hardware and/or software that mimics the functioning of the human brain and helps to improve human decision-making.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"cognitive science","answer":"COGNITIVESCIENCE","clue":"The interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Collaboration","answer":"COLLABORATION","clue":"A this concept is a society of classes, interfaces and other elements that work together to provide some cooperative behavior that is bigger than the sum of its parts.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"collection","answer":"COLLECTION","clue":"A this concept or container is a grouping of some variable number of data items (possibly zero) that have some shared significance to the problem being solved and need to be operated upon together in some controlled fashion.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Color","answer":"COLOR","clue":"The perception of the frequency (or wavelength) of light, and can be compared to how pitch (or a musical note) is the perception of the frequency or wavelength of sound.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Color bleeding","answer":"COLORBLEEDING","clue":"Unwanted effect in texture mapping. A color from a border of unmapped region of the texture may appear (bleed) in the mapped result due to interpolation.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Color blindness","answer":"COLORBLINDNESS","clue":"Also known as color vision deficiency, in humans is the inability to perceive differences between some or all colors that other people can distinguish","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Color channels","answer":"COLORCHANNELS","clue":"The set of channels in a bitmap image representing the visible color components, i.e. distinct from the alpha channel or other information.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Color space","answer":"COLORSPACE","clue":"Color spaces are named organizations of colors for underlying color models of coordinate-based color arrangements.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/color_space/index.md"},{"term":"Color temperature","answer":"COLORTEMPERATURE","clue":"\"White light\" is commonly described by its this concept.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Color vision","answer":"COLORVISION","clue":"CV is the capacity of an organism or machine to distinguish objects based on the wavelengths (or frequencies) of the light they reflect or emit.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Color wheel","answer":"COLORWHEEL","clue":"A this concept, or a color circle, represents a palette of colors in chart form, arranged in a circle.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/color_wheel/index.md"},{"term":"combinatorial optimization","answer":"COMBINATORIALOPTIMIZATION","clue":"In Operations Research, applied mathematics and theoretical computer science, this concept is a topic that consists of finding an optimal object from a finite set of objects.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Command buffer","answer":"COMMANDBUFFER","clue":"A region of memory holding a set of instructions for a graphics processing unit for rendering a scene or portion of a scene.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Command list","answer":"COMMANDLIST","clue":"A group of rendering commands ready for submission to a graphics processing unit, see also Command buffer.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"comma-separated values","answer":"COMMASEPARATEDVALUES","clue":"A delimited text file that uses a comma to separate values.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"committee machine","answer":"COMMITTEEMACHINE","clue":"A type of artificial neural network using a divide and conquer strategy in which the responses of multiple neural networks (experts) are combined into a single response.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Common memory","answer":"COMMONMEMORY","clue":"Should refer to memory on a multi-FPGA board to which all the FPGAs can communicate data to directly and is external to the FPGA.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360795787"},{"term":"commonsense knowledge","answer":"COMMONSENSEKNOWLEDGE","clue":"In artificial intelligence research, this concept consists of facts about the everyday world, such as \"Lemons are sour\", that all humans are expected to know.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"commonsense reasoning","answer":"COMMONSENSEREASONING","clue":"A branch of artificial intelligence concerned with simulating the human ability to make presumptions about the type and essence of ordinary situations they encounter every day.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Compact Disc Read-Only Memory","answer":"COMPACTDISCREADONLYMEMORY","clue":"A pre-pressed compact disc which contains data or music playback and which cannot be written to.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Compact Disc-Recordable","answer":"COMPACTDISCRECORDABLE","clue":"A variation of the optical compact disc which can be written to once.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Compact Disc-ReWritable","answer":"COMPACTDISCREWRITABLE","clue":"A variation of the optical compact disc which can be written to many times.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Compaction","answer":"COMPACTION","clue":"Storage maintenance that merges files and removes obsolete versions or deleted entries.","category":"Databases","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Compare and swap","answer":"COMPAREANDSWAP","clue":"Atomic operation that replaces a value only if it equals an expected old value.","category":"Systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"compilation","answer":"COMPILATION","clue":"Code segments/pieces that are meant to run on the microprocessor.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360795787"},{"term":"Compile","answer":"COMPILE","clue":"Compiling is the process of transforming a computer program written in a given language into a set of instructions in another format or language.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/compile/index.md"},{"term":"compiler","answer":"COMPILER","clue":"A computer program that transforms computer code written in one programming language (the source language) into another programming language (the target language).","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Compile time","answer":"COMPILETIME","clue":"this concept is the time from when the program is first loaded until the program is parsed.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/compile_time/index.md"},{"term":"Component","answer":"COMPONENT","clue":"A this concept represents a software module (source code, binary code, executable, DLL, etc.) with a well-defined interface.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Composite operation","answer":"COMPOSITEOPERATION","clue":"In CSS, the value of a property in a CSS rule is the underlying value of that property, and the value of that same property in a keyframe is its effect value.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/composite_operation/index.md"},{"term":"Composition","answer":"COMPOSITION","clue":"a specific type of relationship describing how one Object is composed of another Object; a form of Aggregation where the child object is destroyed if the parent object is destroyed.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"computability theory","answer":"COMPUTABILITYTHEORY","clue":"also known as recursion theory, is a branch of mathematical logic, of computer science, and of the theory of computation that originated in the 1930s with the study of computable functions and Turing degrees.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"computation","answer":"COMPUTATION","clue":"Any type of calculation that includes both arithmetical and non-arithmetical steps and follows a well-defined model, e.g. an algorithm.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"computational biology","answer":"COMPUTATIONALBIOLOGY","clue":"Involves the development and application of data-analytical and theoretical methods, mathematical modelling and computational simulation techniques to the study of biological, ecological, behavioural, and social systems.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"computational chemistry","answer":"COMPUTATIONALCHEMISTRY","clue":"A branch of chemistry that uses computer simulation to assist in solving chemical problems.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"computational creativity","answer":"COMPUTATIONALCREATIVITY","clue":"Also artificial creativity, mechanical creativity, creative computing, or creative computation.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"computational cybernetics","answer":"COMPUTATIONALCYBERNETICS","clue":"The integration of cybernetics and computational intelligence techniques.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Computational forensics","answer":"COMPUTATIONALFORENSICS","clue":"this concept are digital forensics with the use of artificial intelligence.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1221924731"},{"term":"computational humor","answer":"COMPUTATIONALHUMOR","clue":"A branch of computational linguistics and artificial intelligence which uses computers in humor research.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"computational intelligence","answer":"COMPUTATIONALINTELLIGENCE","clue":"Usually refers to the ability of a computer to learn a specific task from data or experimental observation.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"computational linguistics","answer":"COMPUTATIONALLINGUISTICS","clue":"An interdisciplinary field concerned with the statistical or rule-based modeling of natural language from a computational perspective, as well as the study of appropriate computational approaches to linguistic questions.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"computational mathematics","answer":"COMPUTATIONALMATHEMATICS","clue":"The mathematical research in areas of science where computing plays an essential role.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"computational model","answer":"COMPUTATIONALMODEL","clue":"A mathematical model in computational science that requires extensive computational resources to study the behavior of a complex system by computer simulation.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"computational neuroscience","answer":"COMPUTATIONALNEUROSCIENCE","clue":"A branch of neuroscience which employs mathematical models, theoretical analysis, and abstractions of the brain to understand the principles that govern the development, structure, physiology, and cognitive abilities of the nervous system.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"computational number theory","answer":"COMPUTATIONALNUMBERTHEORY","clue":"Also algorithmic number theory. The study of algorithms for performing number theoretic computations.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"computational physics","answer":"COMPUTATIONALPHYSICS","clue":"Is the study and implementation of numerical analysis to solve problems in physics for which a quantitative theory already exists.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"computational problem","answer":"COMPUTATIONALPROBLEM","clue":"In theoretical computer science, a this concept is a mathematical object representing a collection of questions that computers might be able to solve.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"computational science","answer":"COMPUTATIONALSCIENCE","clue":"An interdisciplinary field that uses advanced computing capabilities to understand and solve complex problems.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"computational statistics","answer":"COMPUTATIONALSTATISTICS","clue":"Also statistical computing. The interface between statistics and computer science.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"computational steering","answer":"COMPUTATIONALSTEERING","clue":"Is the practice of manually intervening with an otherwise autonomous computational process, to change its outcome.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Compute API","answer":"COMPUTEAPI","clue":"An API for efficiently processing large amounts of data.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"computer","answer":"COMPUTER","clue":"A device that can be instructed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically via this concept programming.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"computer architecture","answer":"COMPUTERARCHITECTURE","clue":"A set of rules and methods that describe the functionality, organization, and implementation of computer systems.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"computer-automated design","answer":"COMPUTERAUTOMATEDDESIGN","clue":"Design automation usually refers to electronic design automation, or Design Automation which is a Product Configurator.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"computer case","answer":"COMPUTERCASE","clue":"The enclosure that contains most of the components of a computer, usually excluding the display, keyboard, mouse, and various other peripherals.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"computer data storage","answer":"COMPUTERDATASTORAGE","clue":"A technology consisting of computer components and recording media that are used to retain digital data.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"computer ethics","answer":"COMPUTERETHICS","clue":"A part of practical philosophy concerned with how computing professionals should make decisions regarding professional and social conduct.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"computer fan","answer":"COMPUTERFAN","clue":"An active cooling system forcing airflow inside or around a computer case using a fan to cause air cooling.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"computer form factor","answer":"COMPUTERFORMFACTOR","clue":"The name used to denote the dimensions, power supply type, location of mounting holes, number of ports on the back panel, etc.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"computer graphics","answer":"COMPUTERGRAPHICS","clue":"Pictures and films created using computers. Usually, the term refers to computer-generated image data created with the help of specialized graphical hardware and software.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"computer network","answer":"COMPUTERNETWORK","clue":"A digital telecommunications network which allows nodes to share resources.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"computer program","answer":"COMPUTERPROGRAM","clue":"Is a collection of instructions that can be executed by a computer to perform a specific task.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"computer programming","answer":"COMPUTERPROGRAMMING","clue":"The process of designing and building an executable computer program for accomplishing a specific computing task.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"computer science","answer":"COMPUTERSCIENCE","clue":"The theory, experimentation, and engineering that form the basis for the design and use of computers.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"computer scientist","answer":"COMPUTERSCIENTIST","clue":"A person who has acquired the knowledge of computer science, the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their application.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"computer security","answer":"COMPUTERSECURITY","clue":"The protection of computer systems from theft or damage to their hardware, software, or electronic data, as well as from disruption or misdirection of the services they provide.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"computer vision","answer":"COMPUTERVISION","clue":"An interdisciplinary scientific field that deals with how computers can be made to gain high-level understanding from digital images or videos.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Compute shader","answer":"COMPUTESHADER","clue":"A compute kernel managed by a rendering API, with easy access to rendering resources.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"computing","answer":"COMPUTING","clue":"Is any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating this concept machinery.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"concatenation","answer":"CONCATENATION","clue":"Literally, \"a chaining together\" or the process of joining together things.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Concept drift","answer":"CONCEPTDRIFT","clue":"Change over time in the relationship between inputs and the target a model predicts.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"concomitants","answer":"CONCOMITANTS","clue":"In a statistical study, any variables whose values are unaffected by experimental treatments, such as a unit’s age, gender, and cholesterol level before starting an experimental diet.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Concurrency","answer":"CONCURRENCY","clue":"The ability of different parts or units of a program, algorithm, or problem to be executed out-of-order or in partial order, without affecting the final outcome.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"conditional","answer":"CONDITIONAL","clue":"A feature of a programming language which performs different computations or actions depending on whether a programmer-specified Boolean condition evaluates to true or false.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"conditional distribution","answer":"CONDITIONALDISTRIBUTION","clue":"Given two jointly distributed random variables X and Y, the conditional probability distribution of Y given X (written \"Y | X\") is the probability distribution of Y when X is known to be a particular value.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"conditional probability","answer":"CONDITIONALPROBABILITY","clue":"The probability of some event A, assuming the occurrence of event B.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Condition variable","answer":"CONDITIONVARIABLE","clue":"Primitive that lets a thread wait until another thread signals that a predicate may have changed.","category":"Systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Cone tracing","answer":"CONETRACING","clue":"Modification of ray tracing which instead of lines uses cones as rays in order to achieve e.g. antialiasing or soft shadows.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"confidence interval","answer":"CONFIDENCEINTERVAL","clue":"In inferential statistics, a range of plausible values for some unknown parameter, such as a population mean, defined as an interval with a lower bound and an upper bound.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"confidence level","answer":"CONFIDENCELEVEL","clue":"A number indicating the probability that the confidence interval (range) captures the true population mean.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Configuration","answer":"CONFIGURATION","clue":"Should refer to the bitstream currently loaded on an FPGA.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360795787"},{"term":"Configware","answer":"CONFIGWARE","clue":"Source programs for configuration. Being of structural nature, this concept is the counterpart of software (being of procedural nature).","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360795787"},{"term":"confounder","answer":"CONFOUNDER","clue":"A variable that influences both the dependent variable and the independent variable, causing a spurious association.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Confusion matrix","answer":"CONFUSIONMATRIX","clue":"Table comparing predicted classes with actual classes.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"connectionism","answer":"CONNECTIONISM","clue":"An approach in the fields of cognitive science, that hopes to explain mental phenomena using artificial neural networks.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Connectivity information","answer":"CONNECTIVITYINFORMATION","clue":"Indices defining [rendering primitive]s between vertices, possibly held in index buffers. describes geometry as a graph or hypergraph.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Consensus","answer":"CONSENSUS","clue":"Agreement among processes on a single value despite failures.","category":"Distributed systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Consistent hashing","answer":"CONSISTENTHASHING","clue":"Partitioning technique that limits key reassignment when storage nodes join or leave.","category":"Distributed systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"consistent heuristic","answer":"CONSISTENTHEURISTIC","clue":"In the study of path-finding problems in artificial intelligence, a heuristic function is said to be consistent, or monotone, if its estimate is always less than or equal to the estimated distance from any neighboring vertex to the goal, plus the cost of reaching that neighbor.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Constant","answer":"CONSTANT","clue":"A this concept is a value that the programmer cannot change, for example numbers (1, 2, 42).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/constant/index.md"},{"term":"Constraint","answer":"CONSTRAINT","clue":"natural language, programming language or Object this concept Language Boolean condition which may not be false if a Class is to be considered valid","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"constraint logic programming","answer":"CONSTRAINTLOGICPROGRAMMING","clue":"A form of constraint programming, in which logic programming is extended to include concepts from constraint satisfaction.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"constraint programming","answer":"CONSTRAINTPROGRAMMING","clue":"A programming paradigm wherein relations between variables are stated in the form of constraints.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Constructability","answer":"CONSTRUCTABILITY","clue":"is a project management technique to review the construction processes from start to finish during pre-construction phrase.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Constructability review","answer":"CONSTRUCTABILITYREVIEW","clue":"is a process of reviewing design documents, construction drawings, specifications, and other construction documentation intended for use by a builder to construct the project.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"constructed language","answer":"CONSTRUCTEDLANGUAGE","clue":"Also conlang. A language whose phonology, grammar, and vocabulary are consciously devised, instead of having developed naturally.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Construction","answer":"CONSTRUCTION","clue":", in the fields of architecture and civil engineering, is a process that consists of the building or assembling of infrastructure.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Constructor","answer":"CONSTRUCTOR","clue":"A this concept is a specialized function that generates objects with the same shape and behavior.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/constructor/index.md"},{"term":"container","answer":"CONTAINER","clue":"Is a class, a data structure, or an abstract data type (ADT) whose instances are collections of other objects.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Containment","answer":"CONTAINMENT","clue":"this concept by value and this concept by reference.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Content-encryption key","answer":"CONTENTENCRYPTIONKEY","clue":"a key that may be further encrypted using a KEK, where the content may be a message, audio, image, video, executable code, etc.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Contentful paint","answer":"CONTENTFULPAINT","clue":"Several performance metrics such as First this concept (FCP) and Largest this concept (LCP) use the concept of a \"this concept\".","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/contentful_paint/index.md"},{"term":"Content header","answer":"CONTENTHEADER","clue":"Content headers are the group of HTTP headers that describe the content of the body of an HTTP message, after any message framing in the body has been removed.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/content_header/index.md"},{"term":"continuation-passing style","answer":"CONTINUATIONPASSINGSTYLE","clue":"A style of functional programming in which control is passed explicitly in the form of a continuation.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"continuous delivery","answer":"CONTINUOUSDELIVERY","clue":"Producing software in short cycles with high speed and frequency so that reliable software can be released at any time, with a simple and repeatable deployment process when deciding to deploy.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"continuous deployment","answer":"CONTINUOUSDEPLOYMENT","clue":"Automatic rollout of new software functionality.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"continuous integration","answer":"CONTINUOUSINTEGRATION","clue":"The practice of integrating source code changes frequently and ensuring that an integrated codebase is in a workable state.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Continuous media","answer":"CONTINUOUSMEDIA","clue":"this concept is data where there is a timing relationship between source and destination.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/continuous_media/index.md"},{"term":"Contract testing","answer":"CONTRACTTESTING","clue":"Checking that interacting components agree on their expected request and response behaviour.","category":"Software delivery","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Contrast","answer":"CONTRAST","clue":"In visual perception, this concept is the difference in visual properties that makes an object (or its representation in an image) distinguishable from other objects and the background.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"control flow","answer":"CONTROLFLOW","clue":"The order in which individual statements, instructions or function calls of an imperative program are executed or evaluated.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"control store","answer":"CONTROLSTORE","clue":"The memory that stores the microcode of a CPU.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"control theory","answer":"CONTROLTHEORY","clue":"In control systems engineering is a subfield of mathematics that deals with the control of continuously operating dynamical systems in engineered processes and machines.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"convolutional neural network","answer":"CONVOLUTIONALNEURALNETWORK","clue":"In deep learning, a this concept (CNN, or ConvNet) is a class of deep neural network most commonly applied to image analysis.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Cookie","answer":"COOKIE","clue":"A this concept is a small piece of information left on a visitor's computer by a website, via a web browser.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/cookie/index.md"},{"term":"Copyleft","answer":"COPYLEFT","clue":"this concept is a term, usually referring to a license, used to indicate that such license requires that redistribution of said work is subject to the same license as the original.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/copyleft/index.md"},{"term":"core","answer":"CORE","clue":"The portion of the CPU which actually performs arithmetic and logical operations; nearly all CPUs produced since the late 2000s decade have multiple cores (e.g. \"a quad-this concept processor\").","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"core memory","answer":"COREMEMORY","clue":"In modern usage, a synonym for main memory, dating back from the pre-semiconductor-chip times when the dominant main memory technology was magnetic this concept.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Coroutine","answer":"COROUTINE","clue":"Routine that can suspend execution and later resume with its local state preserved.","category":"Computer science","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"correlation","answer":"CORRELATION","clue":"A numeric measure of the strength of a linear relationship between two random variables (one can use it to quantify, for example, how shoe size and height are correlated in the population).","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"CORS","answer":"CORS","clue":"this concept (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) is a system, consisting of transmitting HTTP headers, that determines whether browsers block frontend JavaScript code from accessing responses for cross-origin requests.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/cors/index.md"},{"term":"Cosine similarity","answer":"COSINESIMILARITY","clue":"Similarity measure based on the angle between two nonzero vectors.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Cost overrun","answer":"COSTOVERRUN","clue":"is defined as excess of actual cost over budget.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Costs","answer":"COSTS","clue":"in economics, business, and accounting are the value of money that has been used up to produce something, and hence is not available for use anymore.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"count data","answer":"COUNTDATA","clue":"Data arising from counting, and which can therefore take only non-negative integer values.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"covariance","answer":"COVARIANCE","clue":"Given two random variables X and Y, with expected values and , the expected value of random variable , written in statistical notation as .","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"CQRS","answer":"CQRS","clue":"Abbreviation for separating command handling from query-oriented read models.","category":"Software design","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Crawler","answer":"CRAWLER","clue":"A web this concept is a program, often called a bot or robot, which systematically browses the Web to collect data from webpages.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/crawler/index.md"},{"term":"Creation date","answer":"CREATIONDATE","clue":"This is the date the file was “created” on the volume.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1375520183"},{"term":"Creative Commons","answer":"CREATIVECOMMONS","clue":"An American non-profit organization devoted to expanding the range of creative works available for others to build upon legally and to share.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Credential","answer":"CREDENTIAL","clue":"A this concept is an object which enables a system to make an authentication decision: for example, to decide whether to sign a user into an account.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/credential/index.md"},{"term":"Critical path method","answer":"CRITICALPATHMETHOD","clue":"(CPM) is a mathematically based modeling technique for scheduling a set of project activities, used in project management.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"CRLF","answer":"CRLF","clue":"CR and LF are control characters or bytecode that can be used to mark a line break in a text file.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/crlf/index.md"},{"term":"Cross Axis","answer":"CROSSAXIS","clue":"The this concept in flexbox runs perpendicular to the main axis, therefore if your flex-direction is either row or row-reverse then the this concept runs down the columns.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/cross_axis/index.md"},{"term":"Cross-entropy benchmarking","answer":"CROSSENTROPYBENCHMARKING","clue":"(also referred to as XEB), is quantum benchmarking protocol which can be used to demonstrate quantum supremacy.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368754231"},{"term":"crossover","answer":"CROSSOVER","clue":"Also recombination. In genetic algorithms and evolutionary computation, a genetic operator used to combine the genetic information of two parents to generate new offspring.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Cross-site request forgery","answer":"CROSSSITEREQUESTFORGERY","clue":"In a this concept (CSRF) attack, an attacker tricks the browser into making an HTTP request to the target site from a malicious site.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/csrf/index.md"},{"term":"Cross-site scripting","answer":"CROSSSITESCRIPTING","clue":"A this concept (XSS) attack is one in which an attacker is able to get a target site to execute malicious code as though it was part of the website.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/cross-site_scripting/index.md"},{"term":"Cross validation","answer":"CROSSVALIDATION","clue":"Evaluating a model across multiple train-validation partitions of a dataset.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"CRUD","answer":"CRUD","clue":"this concept (Create, Read, Update, Delete) is an acronym for ways one can operate on stored data.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/crud/index.md"},{"term":"Cryptanalysis","answer":"CRYPTANALYSIS","clue":"this concept is the branch of cryptography that studies how to break codes and cryptosystems.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/cryptanalysis/index.md"},{"term":"cryptography","answer":"CRYPTOGRAPHY","clue":"Or cryptology, is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of third parties called adversaries.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Crypto ignition key","answer":"CRYPTOIGNITIONKEY","clue":"An NSA key storage device (KSD-64) shaped to look like an ordinary physical key.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Cryptovariable","answer":"CRYPTOVARIABLE","clue":"NSA calls the output of a stream cipher a key or key stream.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"CSG","answer":"CSG","clue":"Constructive solid geometry, a method for generating complex solid models from boolean operations combining simpler modelling primitives.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"CS-Mount","answer":"CSMOUNT","clue":"Same as C-Mount but the focal point is 5 mm shorter.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"CSP","answer":"CSP","clue":"A this concept (Content Security Policy) is used to detect and mitigate certain types of website related attacks like Cross-sitescripting, clickjacking and data injections.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/csp/index.md"},{"term":"CSS","answer":"CSS","clue":"Cascading Style Sheets; while HTML dictates the content of page, this concept regulates the format, including headers, footers, navigation bars, etc.","category":"Networks & web","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1223442825"},{"term":"CSS Object Model","answer":"CSSOBJECTMODEL","clue":"The this concept (CSSOM) is a set of APIs for reading and modifying a document's style-related (CSS) information.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/cssom/index.md"},{"term":"CSS pixel","answer":"CSSPIXEL","clue":"The term this concept is synonymous with the CSS unit of absolute length px — which is normatively defined as being exactly 1/96th of 1 CSS inch (in).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/css_pixel/index.md"},{"term":"CSS preprocessor","answer":"CSSPREPROCESSOR","clue":"A this concept is a program that lets you generate CSS from the preprocessor's own unique syntax.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/css_preprocessor/index.md"},{"term":"Cube mapping","answer":"CUBEMAPPING","clue":"A form of environment reflection mapping in which the environment is captured on a surface of a cube (cube map).","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Culling","answer":"CULLING","clue":"Before rendering begins, this concept removes objects that don't significantly contribute to the rendered result (e.g. being obscured or outside camera view).","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Cumulative Layout Shift","answer":"CUMULATIVELAYOUTSHIFT","clue":"this concept (CLS) is a usability metric for websites, designed by Google as one of the Core Web Vital metrics.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/cls/index.md"},{"term":"cyberbullying","answer":"CYBERBULLYING","clue":"A form of bullying or harassment using electronic means.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"cyberspace","answer":"CYBERSPACE","clue":"Widespread, interconnected digital technology.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Cycle accurate simulation","answer":"CYCLEACCURATESIMULATION","clue":"Simulation that exactly mimics the clock on the FPGA, records changes in data based on the rising/falling edge of the clock.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360795787"},{"term":"daemon","answer":"DAEMON","clue":"In multitasking computer operating systems, a this concept (/ˈdiːmən/ or /ˈdeɪmən/) is a computer program that runs as a background process, rather than being under the direct control of an interactive user.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Darkforest","answer":"DARKFOREST","clue":"A computer go program developed by Facebook, based on deep learning techniques using a convolutional neural network.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Dartmouth workshop","answer":"DARTMOUTHWORKSHOP","clue":"The Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence was the name of a 1956 summer workshop now considered by many (though not all) to be the seminal event for artificial intelligence as a field.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"data augmentation","answer":"DATAAUGMENTATION","clue":"this concept in data analysis are techniques used to increase the amount of data.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"database","answer":"DATABASE","clue":"An organized collection of data, generally stored and accessed electronically from a computer system.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"data cache","answer":"DATACACHE","clue":"A cache in a CPU or GPU servicing data load and store requests, mirroring main memory (or VRAM for a GPU).","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"data center","answer":"DATACENTER","clue":"A dedicated space used to house computer systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and data storage systems.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Data encryption key","answer":"DATAENCRYPTIONKEY","clue":"used to encrypt the underlying data.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"data fusion","answer":"DATAFUSION","clue":"The process of integrating multiple data sources to produce more consistent, accurate, and useful information than that provided by any individual data source.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"data integration","answer":"DATAINTEGRATION","clue":"The process of combining data residing in different sources and providing users with a unified view of them.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Data leakage","answer":"DATALEAKAGE","clue":"Accidental use of information during training that would not be available at prediction time.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Datalog","answer":"DATALOG","clue":"A declarative logic programming language that syntactically is a subset of Prolog.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"data mining","answer":"DATAMINING","clue":"Is a process of discovering patterns in large data sets involving methods at the intersection of machine learning, statistics, and database systems.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"data point","answer":"DATAPOINT","clue":"A typed measurement — it can be a Boolean value, a real number, a vector (in which case it is also called a data vector), etc.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"data science","answer":"DATASCIENCE","clue":"An interdisciplinary field that uses scientific methods, processes, algorithms, and systems to extract knowledge and insights from data in various forms, both structured and unstructured, similar to data mining.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"data set","answer":"DATASET","clue":"A sample and the associated data points.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"data storage","answer":"DATASTORAGE","clue":"A technology consisting of computer components and recording media used to retain digital data.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"data structure","answer":"DATASTRUCTURE","clue":"A data organization, management, and storage format that enables efficient access and modification.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"data type","answer":"DATATYPE","clue":"An attribute of data which tells the compiler or interpreter how the programmer intends to use the data.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"data warehouse","answer":"DATAWAREHOUSE","clue":"Also enterprise this concept (EDW). A system used for reporting and data analysis.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Dead letter queue","answer":"DEADLETTERQUEUE","clue":"Destination for messages that cannot be processed successfully after configured attempts.","category":"Distributed systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Deadlock","answer":"DEADLOCK","clue":"Situation in which participants each wait for resources held by the others.","category":"Systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Debounce","answer":"DEBOUNCE","clue":"Debouncing, in the context of programming, means to discard operations that occur too close together during a specific interval, and consolidate them into a single invocation.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/debounce/index.md"},{"term":"debugging","answer":"DEBUGGING","clue":"The process of finding and resolving defects or problems within a computer program that prevent correct operation of computer software or the system as a whole.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Decal","answer":"DECAL","clue":"A \"sticker\" picture applied onto a surface (e.g. a crack on the wall).","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Decision","answer":"DECISION","clue":"a point in an Activity diagram where a Flow splits into several, mutually exclusive, Guarded flows.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"decision boundary","answer":"DECISIONBOUNDARY","clue":"In the case of backpropagation-based artificial neural networks or perceptrons, the type of this concept that the network can learn is determined by the number of hidden layers in the network.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"decision support system","answer":"DECISIONSUPPORTSYSTEM","clue":"An information system that supports business or organizational decision-making activities.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"decision theory","answer":"DECISIONTHEORY","clue":"Also theory of choice. The study of the reasoning underlying an agent's choices.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"decision tree learning","answer":"DECISIONTREELEARNING","clue":"Uses a decision tree (as a predictive model) to go from observations about an item (represented in the branches) to conclusions about the item's target value (represented in the leaves).","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"declaration","answer":"DECLARATION","clue":"In computer programming, a language construct that specifies properties of an identifier: it declares what a word (identifier) \"means\".","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"declarative programming","answer":"DECLARATIVEPROGRAMMING","clue":"A programming paradigm—a style of building the structure and elements of computer programs—that expresses the logic of a computation without describing its control flow.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Decorating box","answer":"DECORATINGBOX","clue":"A this concept is an inline element that has text-decoration-line CSS property applied to it.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/decorating_box/index.md"},{"term":"Decryption","answer":"DECRYPTION","clue":"In cryptography, this concept is the conversion of ciphertext into plaintext.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/decryption/index.md"},{"term":"deductive classifier","answer":"DEDUCTIVECLASSIFIER","clue":"A type of artificial intelligence inference engine.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Deep Blue","answer":"DEEPBLUE","clue":"was a chess-playing computer developed by IBM.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Deep copy","answer":"DEEPCOPY","clue":"A this concept of an object is a copy whose properties do not share the same references (point to the same underlying values) as those of the source object from which the copy was made.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/deep_copy/index.md"},{"term":"Deep equality","answer":"DEEPEQUALITY","clue":"this concept is a comparison of compound values, such as objects or arrays, that compares their contents recursively.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/deep_equality/index.md"},{"term":"deep learning","answer":"DEEPLEARNING","clue":"A subset of machine learning that focuses on utilizing neural networks to perform tasks such as classification, regression, and representation learning.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"DeepMind Technologies","answer":"DEEPMINDTECHNOLOGIES","clue":"A British artificial intelligence company founded in September 2010, currently owned by Alphabet Inc.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"default logic","answer":"DEFAULTLOGIC","clue":"A non-monotonic logic proposed by Raymond Reiter to formalize reasoning with default assumptions.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Deferred shading","answer":"DEFERREDSHADING","clue":"A technique by which computation of shading is deferred to later stage by rendering in two passes, potentially increasing performance by not discarding expensively shaded pixels.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Deformation lattice","answer":"DEFORMATIONLATTICE","clue":"A means of controlling free-form deformation via a regular 3D grid of control points moved to arbitrary positions, with polynomial interpolation of the space between them.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Degenerate triangles","answer":"DEGENERATETRIANGLES","clue":"Zero area triangle primitives placed in a triangle strip between actual primitives, to allow many parts of a triangle mesh to be rendered in a single drawcall.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Delaunay triangulation","answer":"DELAUNAYTRIANGULATION","clue":"A method for generating an efficient triangulating between a set of vertices in a plane.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Deliverable","answer":"DELIVERABLE","clue":"A contractually required work product, produced and delivered to a required state.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Delta","answer":"DELTA","clue":"The term this concept refers to the difference between two values or states.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/delta/index.md"},{"term":"Denial of Service","answer":"DENIALOFSERVICE","clue":"this concept (DoS) is a category of network attack that consumes available server resources, typically by flooding the server with requests.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/denial_of_service/index.md"},{"term":"Deno","answer":"DENO","clue":"this concept is a runtime environment for JavaScript, TypeScript, and WebAssembly.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/deno/index.md"},{"term":"Dependency","answer":"DEPENDENCY","clue":"a this concept exists between two defined elements if a change to the definition of one would result in a change to the other.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Dependency injection","answer":"DEPENDENCYINJECTION","clue":"Supplying a component's collaborators from outside rather than constructing them internally.","category":"Software design","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Depth buffer","answer":"DEPTHBUFFER","clue":"A bitmap image holding depth values (either a Z buffer or a W buffer), used for visible surface determination, during rasterization of 3D scenes","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Depth map","answer":"DEPTHMAP","clue":"A bitmap image or texture map holding depth values.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Depth of field","answer":"DEPTHOFFIELD","clue":"In optics, particularly photography and machine vision, the this concept (DOF) is the distance in front of and behind the subject which appears to be in focus.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Depth perception","answer":"DEPTHPERCEPTION","clue":"DP is the visual ability to perceive the world in three dimensions.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Depth value","answer":"DEPTHVALUE","clue":"A value in a depth map representing a distance perpendicular to the space of an image.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Derived key","answer":"DERIVEDKEY","clue":"keys computed by applying a predetermined hash algorithm or key derivation function to a password or, better, a passphrase.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Derived property","answer":"DERIVEDPROPERTY","clue":"a property that can be calculated or inferred from other properties","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"description logic","answer":"DESCRIPTIONLOGIC","clue":"A family of formal knowledge representation languages.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Descriptor","answer":"DESCRIPTOR","clue":"A CSS this concept defines the characteristics of an at-rule.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/css_descriptor/index.md"},{"term":"Deserialization","answer":"DESERIALIZATION","clue":"this concept is the process whereby a lower-level format (e.g., that has been transferred over a network, or stored in a data store) is translated into a readable object or other data structure.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/deserialization/index.md"},{"term":"Detail texture","answer":"DETAILTEXTURE","clue":"Texture maps repeated at high frequency combined with a main texture on a surface to prevent a blurred appearance close to the camera.","category":"Graphics & 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A scientific field which aims at studying the developmental mechanisms, architectures, and constraints that allow lifelong and open-ended learning of new skills and new knowledge in embodied machines.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"device memory","answer":"DEVICEMEMORY","clue":"local memory associated with a hardware device such as a graphics processing unit or OpenCL compute device, distinct from main memory.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Device pixel","answer":"DEVICEPIXEL","clue":"A this concept is the smallest physical display unit capable of displaying a full color independent of its neighbor.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/device_pixel/index.md"},{"term":"diagnosis","answer":"DIAGNOSIS","clue":"Concerned with the development of algorithms and techniques that are able to determine whether the behaviour of a system is correct.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Diagram","answer":"DIAGRAM","clue":"a visual representation of a subset of features of a UML Model","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"dialogue system","answer":"DIALOGUESYSTEM","clue":"Also conversational agent (CA). A computer system intended to converse with a human with a coherent structure.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Dial-up","answer":"DIALUP","clue":"A method of connection to the internet using existing copper phone lines using a modem on the client's end to send information at a slow speed, normally reaching maximum speed at about 56 kbit/s.","category":"Networks & web","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1223442825"},{"term":"Diaphragm","answer":"DIAPHRAGM","clue":"In optics, a this concept is a thin opaque structure with an opening (aperture) at its centre.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Differential privacy","answer":"DIFFERENTIALPRIVACY","clue":"Privacy framework that bounds how much one person's data can affect a released result.","category":"Security","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Diffuse lighting","answer":"DIFFUSELIGHTING","clue":"In shading, a diffuse component of light is the light reflected from the surface uniformly into all directions.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Diffusion model","answer":"DIFFUSIONMODEL","clue":"Generative model that learns to reverse a gradual noise-corruption process.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Digital certificate","answer":"DIGITALCERTIFICATE","clue":"A this concept is a data file that binds a publicly known cryptographic key to an organization.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/digital_certificate/index.md"},{"term":"digital data","answer":"DIGITALDATA","clue":"In information theory and information systems, the discrete, discontinuous representation of information or works.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Digital media","answer":"DIGITALMEDIA","clue":"Used within the fields to refer to the physical medium (such as a hard drive) or data storage device","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1221924731"},{"term":"digital signal processing","answer":"DIGITALSIGNALPROCESSING","clue":"The use of digital processing, such as by computers or more specialized digital signal processors, to perform a wide variety of signal processing operations.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Digital signature","answer":"DIGITALSIGNATURE","clue":"A this concept is an object that can be used to authenticate the author of a document or message.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/digital_signature/index.md"},{"term":"Digital Video Disc","answer":"DIGITALVIDEODISC","clue":"An optical compact disc – of the same dimensions as compact discs (CDs), but store more than six times as much data.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Digital Visual Interface","answer":"DIGITALVISUALINTERFACE","clue":"A video display interface developed by the Digital Display Working Group (DDWG).","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Dijkstra's algorithm","answer":"DIJKSTRASALGORITHM","clue":"An algorithm for finding the shortest paths between nodes in a weighted graph, which may represent, for example, road networks.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"dimensionality reduction","answer":"DIMENSIONALITYREDUCTION","clue":"Also dimension reduction. The process of reducing the number of random variables under consideration by obtaining a set of principal variables.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Direct Access Storage Device","answer":"DIRECTACCESSSTORAGEDEVICE","clue":"A mainframe terminology introduced by IBM denoting secondary storage with random access, typically (arrays of) hard disk drives.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"direct mapped cache","answer":"DIRECTMAPPEDCACHE","clue":"A cache where each physical address may only be mapped to one cache line, indexed using the low bits of the address.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"direct memory access","answer":"DIRECTMEMORYACCESS","clue":"The ability of a hardware device such as a disk drive or network interface controller to access main memory without intervention from the CPU, provided by one or more DMA channels in a system.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Directory structure","answer":"DIRECTORYSTRUCTURE","clue":"Describes how the subdirectories are implemented.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1375520183"},{"term":"discrete event simulation","answer":"DISCRETEEVENTSIMULATION","clue":"A model of the operation of a system as a discrete sequence of events in time.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"discrete system","answer":"DISCRETESYSTEM","clue":"Any system with a countable number of states.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"disk storage","answer":"DISKSTORAGE","clue":"(Also sometimes called drive storage) is a general category of storage mechanisms where data is recorded by various electronic, magnetic, optical, or mechanical changes to a surface layer of one or more rotating disks.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Displacement mapping","answer":"DISPLACEMENTMAPPING","clue":"a method for adding detail to surfaces by subdivision and displacement of the resulting vertices from a height map.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"DisplayPort","answer":"DISPLAYPORT","clue":"A digital display interface developed by the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA).","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Distillation","answer":"DISTILLATION","clue":"Training a smaller student model using signals from a larger teacher model.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"distributed computing","answer":"DISTRIBUTEDCOMPUTING","clue":"A field of computer science that studies distributed systems.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Distributed Denial of Service","answer":"DISTRIBUTEDDENIALOFSERVICE","clue":"Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) is a type of DoS attack in which many compromised systems are made to attack a single target, in order to swamp server resources and block legitimate users.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/distributed_denial_of_service/index.md"},{"term":"Distributed ray tracing","answer":"DISTRIBUTEDRAYTRACING","clue":"Modification of ray tracing that casts multiple rays through each pixel in order to model soft phenomena such as soft shadows, depth of field etc.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Distributed 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resources.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/dns/index.md"},{"term":"DNS over HTTPS","answer":"DNSOVERHTTPS","clue":"this concept (DoH) is a protocol for performing DNS resolution over an encrypted HTTPS connection.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/dns_over_https/index.md"},{"term":"Doctype","answer":"DOCTYPE","clue":"In HTML, the this concept is the required preamble found at the top of all documents.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/doctype/index.md"},{"term":"documentation","answer":"DOCUMENTATION","clue":"Written text or illustration that accompanies computer software or is embedded in the source code.","category":"Computer 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programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/dom/index.md"},{"term":"domain","answer":"DOMAIN","clue":"Is the targeted subject area of a computer program.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Domain name","answer":"DOMAINNAME","clue":"A this concept is a website's address on the Internet.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/domain_name/index.md"},{"term":"Domain Name System","answer":"DOMAINNAMESYSTEM","clue":"A hierarchical and decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or to a private network.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Domain sharding","answer":"DOMAINSHARDING","clue":"Browsers limit the number of active connections for each domain.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/domain_sharding/index.md"},{"term":"Dominator","answer":"DOMINATOR","clue":"In graph theory, node A dominates node B if every path from the root node to B passes through A.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/dominator/index.md"},{"term":"Double buffering","answer":"DOUBLEBUFFERING","clue":"Using a dedicated buffer for rendering and copying the result to the screen buffer when finished.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"download","answer":"DOWNLOAD","clue":"In computer networks, to receive data from a remote system, typically a server such as a web server, an FTP server, an email server, or other similar systems.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Drawcall","answer":"DRAWCALL","clue":"A single rendering command submitted to a rendering API, referring to a single set of render states.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"drive bay","answer":"DRIVEBAY","clue":"A standard-sized area within a computer case for adding hardware (hard drives, CD drives, etc.) to a computer.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"DRM key","answer":"DRMKEY","clue":"A key used in digital rights management to protect media","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Dropout","answer":"DROPOUT","clue":"Training technique that randomly suppresses activations to reduce co-adaptation.","category":"AI & machine 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module","answer":"DUALINLINEMEMORYMODULE","clue":"A series of dynamic random-access memory integrated circuits.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"dual issue","answer":"DUALISSUE","clue":"A superscalar pipeline capable of executing two instructions simultaneously.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Duration","answer":"DURATION","clue":"of a project's terminal element is the number of calendar periods it takes from the time the execution of element starts to the moment it is completed.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"dynamic epistemic logic","answer":"DYNAMICEPISTEMICLOGIC","clue":"A logical framework dealing with knowledge and information change.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"dynamic random-access memory","answer":"DYNAMICRANDOMACCESSMEMORY","clue":"A type of random-access memory that stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor within an integrated circuit and which must be periodically refreshed to retain the stored data.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Dynamic typing","answer":"DYNAMICTYPING","clue":"Dynamically-typed languages are those (like JavaScript) where the interpreter assigns variables a type at runtime based on the variable's value at the time.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/dynamic_typing/index.md"},{"term":"eager learning","answer":"EAGERLEARNING","clue":"A learning method in which the system tries to construct a general, input-independent target function during training of the system, as opposed to lazy learning, where generalization beyond the training data is delayed until a query is made to the system.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"early stopping","answer":"EARLYSTOPPING","clue":"A regularization technique often used when training a machine learning model with an iterative method such as gradient descent.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Earned schedule","answer":"EARNEDSCHEDULE","clue":"(ES) is an extension to earned value management (EVM), which renames 2 traditional measures, to indicate clearly they are in units of currency or quantity, not time.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Earned value management","answer":"EARNEDVALUEMANAGEMENT","clue":"(EVM) is a project management technique for measuring project progress in an objective manner, with a combination of measuring scope, schedule, and cost in a single integrated system.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Eastin–Knill theorem","answer":"EASTINKNILLTHEOREM","clue":"is a no-go theorem that states: \"No quantum error correcting code can have a continuous symmetry which acts transversely on physical qubits\".","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368754231"},{"term":"Ebert test","answer":"EBERTTEST","clue":"A test which gauges whether a computer-based synthesized voice can tell a joke with sufficient skill to cause people to laugh.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"echo state network","answer":"ECHOSTATENETWORK","clue":"A recurrent neural network with a sparsely connected hidden layer (with typically 1% connectivity).","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"ECMA","answer":"ECMA","clue":"this concept International (formally European Computer Manufacturers Association) is a non-profit organization that develops standards in computer hardware, communications, and programming languages.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/ecma/index.md"},{"term":"ECMAScript","answer":"ECMASCRIPT","clue":"this concept is a scripting language specification on which JavaScript is based.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/ecmascript/index.md"},{"term":"Edge detection","answer":"EDGEDETECTION","clue":"ED marks the points in a digital image at which the luminous intensity changes sharply.","category":"AI & machine 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or Wi-Fi, based on the time between the browser requesting a page and effective type of the connection.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/effective_connection_type/index.md"},{"term":"Egosurfer","answer":"EGOSURFER","clue":"someone who searches the Internet for references of themselves","category":"Networks & web","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1223442825"},{"term":"Electronic key","answer":"ELECTRONICKEY","clue":"(NSA) key that is distributed in electronic (as opposed to paper) form.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Element","answer":"ELEMENT","clue":"An this concept is a part of a webpage. In XML and HTML, an this concept may contain a data item or a chunk of text or an image, or perhaps nothing.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/element/index.md"},{"term":"elementary event","answer":"ELEMENTARYEVENT","clue":"An event which contains only a single outcome in the sample space; in a set of possibilities, a possibility that can occur in precisely one way.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Embedding","answer":"EMBEDDING","clue":"Learned numerical representation that places items in a vector space.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"embodied agent","answer":"EMBODIEDAGENT","clue":"Also interface agent. An intelligent agent that interacts with the environment through a physical body within that environment.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"embodied cognitive science","answer":"EMBODIEDCOGNITIVESCIENCE","clue":"An interdisciplinary field of research, the aim of which is to explain the mechanisms underlying intelligent behavior.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Emulation","answer":"EMULATION","clue":"Process of mimicking the behavior of an ASIC design on FPGA-based hardware or a processor-based system or (in the case of simulation) a computer.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360795787"},{"term":"emulator","answer":"EMULATOR","clue":"Hardware or software that enables one computer system (called the host) to behave like another computer system.","category":"Computer 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programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/engine/index.md"},{"term":"ensemble learning","answer":"ENSEMBLELEARNING","clue":"The use of multiple machine learning algorithms to obtain better predictive performance than could be obtained from any of the constituent learning algorithms alone.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Enterprise modeling","answer":"ENTERPRISEMODELING","clue":"is the process of understanding an enterprise business and improving its performance through creation of enterprise models.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Entity","answer":"ENTITY","clue":"this concept is a term from the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), which refers to a reference to information that can be defined once and used throughout a document.","category":"Web & 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service-level objective.","category":"Software delivery","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"error-driven learning","answer":"ERRORDRIVENLEARNING","clue":"A sub-area of machine learning concerned with how an agent ought to take actions in an environment so as to minimize some error feedback.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Escape character","answer":"ESCAPECHARACTER","clue":"An this concept is a character that causes one or more characters that follow it to be interpreted differently.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/escape_character/index.md"},{"term":"Estimation","answer":"ESTIMATION","clue":"in project management is the processes of making accurate estimates using the appropriate techniques.","category":"Software 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to as an \"this concept\"","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1221924731"},{"term":"EXIF","answer":"EXIF","clue":"The Exchangeable Image File Format (this concept) is a standard that specifies how metadata about a multimedia file can be embedded within the file.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/exif/index.md"},{"term":"Existence detection","answer":"EXISTENCEDETECTION","clue":"An existence check before reading a file can catch and/or prevent a fatal error.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Expando","answer":"EXPANDO","clue":"this concept properties are properties added to DOM nodes with JavaScript, where those properties are not part of the object DOM specification:","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/expando/index.md"},{"term":"expansion bus","answer":"EXPANSIONBUS","clue":"A computer bus which moves information between the internal hardware of a computer system (including the CPU and RAM) and peripheral devices.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"expansion card","answer":"EXPANSIONCARD","clue":"A printed circuit board that can be inserted into an electrical connector or expansion slot on a computer motherboard, backplane, or riser card to add functionality to a computer system via an expansion bus.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Expansion region","answer":"EXPANSIONREGION","clue":"a set of Actions in an Activity diagram that occur once for each of a collection of input Tokens to the this concept","category":"Software 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the key is no longer valid.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Exponential backoff","answer":"EXPONENTIALBACKOFF","clue":"Retry strategy that increases the waiting interval after successive failures.","category":"Networks & web","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Extend","answer":"EXTEND","clue":"a means to use a class as a starting point for creation of a new class.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Extents","answer":"EXTENTS","clue":"The minimum and maximum values of an object or primitive along a coordinate axis or set of axes.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Extreme project management","answer":"EXTREMEPROJECTMANAGEMENT","clue":"(XPM) refers to a method of managing very complex and very uncertain projects.","category":"Software 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& programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/fallback_alignment/index.md"},{"term":"False sharing","answer":"FALSESHARING","clue":"Cache-coherence overhead caused by independent variables sharing one cache line.","category":"Systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Falsy","answer":"FALSY","clue":"A this concept (sometimes written falsey) value is a value that is considered false when encountered in a Boolean context.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/falsy/index.md"},{"term":"fast-and-frugal trees","answer":"FASTANDFRUGALTREES","clue":"A type of classification tree. this concept can be used as decision-making tools which operate as lexicographic classifiers, and, if required, associate an action (decision) to each class or category.","category":"AI & machine 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In machine learning, this concept or representation learning is a set of techniques that allows a system to automatically discover the representations needed for feature detection or classification from raw data.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"feature selection","answer":"FEATURESELECTION","clue":"In machine learning and statistics, this concept, also known as variable selection, attribute selection or variable subset selection, is the process of selecting a subset of relevant features (variables, predictors) for use in model construction.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Feature store","answer":"FEATURESTORE","clue":"System for managing and serving reusable model input features.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Federated identity","answer":"FEDERATEDIDENTITY","clue":"A this concept system is one in which an identity provider (IdP) acts as an intermediary between users and relying parties, enabling a user to use a single set of credentials to authenticate with a number of different relying parties.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/federated_identity/index.md"},{"term":"Federated learning","answer":"FEDERATEDLEARNING","clue":"Training approach that coordinates updates across decentralized data holders without pooling their raw records.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Fencing token","answer":"FENCINGTOKEN","clue":"Monotonically increasing credential used to reject work from an obsolete lock holder.","category":"Distributed systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Fetch directive","answer":"FETCHDIRECTIVE","clue":"CSP fetch directives are used in a Content-Security-Policy header and control locations from which certain resource types may be loaded.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/fetch_directive/index.md"},{"term":"Fetch metadata request header","answer":"FETCHMETADATAREQUESTHEADER","clue":"A this concept is an HTTP request header that provides additional information about the context from which the request originated.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/fetch_metadata_request_header/index.md"},{"term":"field","answer":"FIELD","clue":"Data that has several parts, known as a record, can be divided into fields.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Field of view","answer":"FIELDOFVIEW","clue":"The this concept (FOV) is the part which can be seen by the machine vision system at one moment.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"File allocation","answer":"FILEALLOCATION","clue":"Describes how the file system allocates sectors in-use by files.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1375520183"},{"term":"filename extension","answer":"FILENAMEEXTENSION","clue":"An identifier specified as a suffix to the name of a computer file.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"filter","answer":"FILTER","clue":"A computer program or subroutine to process a stream, producing another stream.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Final state","answer":"FINALSTATE","clue":"the state at which an object ceases to exist","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Fine tuning","answer":"FINETUNING","clue":"Further training an existing model on a task-specific or domain-specific dataset.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Fingerprinting","answer":"FINGERPRINTING","clue":"this concept is a practice in which websites identify a particular browser (and by extension, a particular user) by collecting and combining distinguishing features of the browser and underlying operating system.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/fingerprinting/index.md"},{"term":"FIREFLY key","answer":"FIREFLYKEY","clue":"(NSA) keys used in an NSA system based on public key cryptography.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Firefox OS","answer":"FIREFOXOS","clue":"this concept is a discontinued open source mobile operating system developed by Mozilla.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/firefox_os/index.md"},{"term":"firewall","answer":"FIREWALL","clue":"Any hardware device or software program designed to protect a computer from viruses, trojans, malware, etc.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"FireWire","answer":"FIREWIRE","clue":"this concept (also known as i. Link or IEEE 1394) is a personal computer (and digital audio/video) serial bus interface standard, offering high-speed communications.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"firmware","answer":"FIRMWARE","clue":"Fixed programs and data that internally control various electronic devices.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"First-class function","answer":"FIRSTCLASSFUNCTION","clue":"A programming language is said to have First-class functions when functions in that language are treated like any other variable.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/first-class_function/index.md"},{"term":"First Contentful Paint","answer":"FIRSTCONTENTFULPAINT","clue":"this concept (FCP) is a measure of when the browser renders its first DOM content, providing user feedback that the page is loading.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/first_contentful_paint/index.md"},{"term":"First CPU idle","answer":"FIRSTCPUIDLE","clue":"this concept measures when a page is minimally interactive, or when the window is quiet enough to handle user input.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/first_cpu_idle/index.md"},{"term":"First Input Delay","answer":"FIRSTINPUTDELAY","clue":"this concept (FID) measures the time from when a user first interacts with your site (for example, when they click a link, tap on a button, or use a custom, JavaScript-powered control) to the time when the browser is actually able to respond to that interaction.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/first_input_delay/index.md"},{"term":"First Meaningful Paint","answer":"FIRSTMEANINGFULPAINT","clue":"this concept (FMP) is the paint after which the biggest above-the-fold layout change has happened and web fonts have loaded.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/first_meaningful_paint/index.md"},{"term":"first-order logic","answer":"FIRSTORDERLOGIC","clue":"Also first-order predicate calculus or predicate logic.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"First Paint","answer":"FIRSTPAINT","clue":"this concept is the time between navigation and when the browser first renders pixels to the screen, rendering anything that is visually different from the default background color of the body.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/first_paint/index.md"},{"term":"Fixed-function pipeline","answer":"FIXEDFUNCTIONPIPELINE","clue":"A hardware rendering pipeline without shaders, composed entirely of fixed-function units.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Fixed-function unit","answer":"FIXEDFUNCTIONUNIT","clue":"A piece of hardware in a graphics processing unit implementing a specific function (such as triangle setup or texture sampling), without programmable control by shaders.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Flamer","answer":"FLAMER","clue":"A this concept is someone who makes degrading or insulting remarks on a forum or other Internet message board, the verb of which is \"flame\".","category":"Networks & web","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1223442825"},{"term":"flash memory","answer":"FLASHMEMORY","clue":"A type of non-volatile computer storage chip that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Flat shading","answer":"FLATSHADING","clue":"Shading that assigns a uniform color to each face of a 3D model, giving it a \"sharp-edge\" look.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Flex","answer":"FLEX","clue":"this concept is a value of the CSS display property. Along with inline-this concept, it causes the element it applies to become a this concept container, and the element's children to each become a this concept item.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/flex/index.md"},{"term":"Flexbox","answer":"FLEXBOX","clue":"this concept is the commonly-used name for the CSS flexible box layout module, a layout model for displaying items in a single dimension — as a row or as a column.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/flexbox/index.md"},{"term":"Flex container","answer":"FLEXCONTAINER","clue":"A flexbox layout is defined using the flex or inline-flex values of the display property on the parent item.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/flex_container/index.md"},{"term":"Flex item","answer":"FLEXITEM","clue":"The direct children of a Flex Container (elements with display: flex or display: inline-flex set on them) become flex items.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/flex_item/index.md"},{"term":"Float","answer":"FLOAT","clue":"in a project network is the amount of time that a task in a project network can be delayed without causing a delay to subsequent tasks and or the project completion date.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"floating-point arithmetic","answer":"FLOATINGPOINTARITHMETIC","clue":"In computing, this concept (FP) is arithmetic using formulaic representation of real numbers as an approximation to support a trade-off between range and precision.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"floppy disk","answer":"FLOPPYDISK","clue":"A data storage medium that is composed of a disk of thin, flexible (\"floppy\") magnetic storage medium encased in a square or rectangular plastic shell.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"floppy-disk controller","answer":"FLOPPYDISKCONTROLLER","clue":"A specific area on the motherboard which can be used to connect a floppy disk drive to it.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"floppy disk drive","answer":"FLOPPYDISKDRIVE","clue":"A device for reading floppy disks. These were common on computers made prior to 2010.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Flow","answer":"FLOW","clue":"a navigational connection between two Actions","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Flow Final","answer":"FLOWFINAL","clue":"the point at which a Flow ends without ending the complete Activity","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Flow relative values","answer":"FLOWRELATIVEVALUES","clue":"In CSS, this concept are directional keyword values relative to an element's block and inline axes.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/flow_relative_values/index.md"},{"term":"Flowware","answer":"FLOWWARE","clue":"In addition to configware, the second programming source needed for data scheduling.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360795787"},{"term":"fluent","answer":"FLUENT","clue":"A condition that can change over time. In logical approaches to reasoning about actions, fluents can be represented in first-order logic by predicates having an argument that depends on time.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Focus","answer":"FOCUS","clue":"An image, or image point or region, is said to be in this concept if light from object points is converged about as well as possible in the image; conversely, it is out of this concept if light is not well converged.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Focused improvement","answer":"FOCUSEDIMPROVEMENT","clue":"in Theory of Constraints is the ensemble of activities aimed at elevating the performance of any system, especially a business system, with respect to its goal by eliminating its constraints one by one and by not working on non-constraints.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Forbidden request header","answer":"FORBIDDENREQUESTHEADER","clue":"A this concept is an HTTP header name-value pair that cannot be set or modified programmatically in a request.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/forbidden_request_header/index.md"},{"term":"Fordism","answer":"FORDISM","clue":", named after Henry Ford, refers to various social theories.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Fork","answer":"FORK","clue":"a point in an Activity diagram where a Flow of logic splits into several concurrent Flows (Threads)","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"for loop","answer":"FORLOOP","clue":"A control flow statement for specifying iteration, which allows code to be executed repeatedly.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"formal language","answer":"FORMALLANGUAGE","clue":"A set of words whose letters are taken from an alphabet and are well-formed according to a specific set of rules.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"formal methods","answer":"FORMALMETHODS","clue":"A set of mathematically based techniques for the specification, development, and verification of software and hardware systems.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"formal verification","answer":"FORMALVERIFICATION","clue":"The act of proving or disproving the correctness of intended algorithms underlying a system with respect to a certain formal specification or property, using formal methods of mathematics.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"forward chaining","answer":"FORWARDCHAINING","clue":"Also forward reasoning. One of the two main methods of reasoning when using an inference engine and can be described logically as repeated application of modus ponens.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Forward rendering","answer":"FORWARDRENDERING","clue":"A term for traditional 3D rendering pipelines which sort lightsources applicable to 3D models in world space prior to rasterization.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Found Message","answer":"FOUNDMESSAGE","clue":"starting point for a Sequence diagram","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Fractal","answer":"FRACTAL","clue":"A complex, self-similar shape described by a simple equation.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Fragmentainer","answer":"FRAGMENTAINER","clue":"A this concept is defined in the CSS Fragmentation specification as follows:","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/fragmentainer/index.md"},{"term":"Fragment shader","answer":"FRAGMENTSHADER","clue":"Shader processing individual pixels or fragments (values that may potentially become pixels).","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"frame","answer":"FRAME","clue":"An artificial intelligence data structure used to divide knowledge into substructures by representing \"stereotyped situations\".","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Frame grabber","answer":"FRAMEGRABBER","clue":"An electronic device that captures individual, digital still frames from an analog video signal or a digital video stream.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"frame language","answer":"FRAMELANGUAGE","clue":"A technology used for knowledge representation in artificial intelligence.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"frame problem","answer":"FRAMEPROBLEM","clue":"The problem of finding adequate collections of axioms for a viable description of a robot environment.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Frame rate","answer":"FRAMERATE","clue":"A this concept is the speed at which the browser is able to recalculate, layout and paint content to the display.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/fps/index.md"},{"term":"Fresnel","answer":"FRESNEL","clue":"According to this concept equations, surfaces show more specular reflections when viewed at near-grazing incidence.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Friending","answer":"FRIENDING","clue":"the act of making and adding friends online through social networking sites such as Facebook and MySpace","category":"Networks & web","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1223442825"},{"term":"Fringe Projection Technique","answer":"FRINGEPROJECTIONTECHNIQUE","clue":"3D data acquisition technique employing projector displaying fringe pattern on a surface of measured piece, and one or more cameras recording image(s).","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Frustum culling","answer":"FRUSTUMCULLING","clue":"A stage in a rendering pipeline, filtering out 3D models whose bounding volumes fail an intersection test with the view frustum, allowing trivial rejection.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"FTP","answer":"FTP","clue":"Protocol to exchange files between two computers.","category":"Networks & web","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1223442825"},{"term":"FTU","answer":"FTU","clue":"this concept (First Time Use) is the app that loads when you run a newly-installed version of Gecko on a Firefox OS device.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/ftu/index.md"},{"term":"Function","answer":"FUNCTION","clue":"A this concept is a code snippet that can be called by other code or by itself, or a variable that refers to the this concept.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/function/index.md"},{"term":"functional programming","answer":"FUNCTIONALPROGRAMMING","clue":"A programming paradigm—a style of building the structure and elements of computer programs–that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing-state and mutable data.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"futures studies","answer":"FUTURESSTUDIES","clue":"The study of postulating possible, probable, and preferable futures and the worldviews and myths that underlie them.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Fuzzing","answer":"FUZZING","clue":"Exercising software with many generated or mutated inputs to expose failures.","category":"Security","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Fuzz testing","answer":"FUZZTESTING","clue":"Fuzzing is a technique for testing software using automated tools to provide invalid or unexpected input to a program or function in a program, then checking the results to see if the program crashes or otherwise acts inappropriately.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/fuzzing/index.md"},{"term":"fuzzy logic","answer":"FUZZYLOGIC","clue":"A simple form for the many-valued logic, in which the truth values of variables may have any degree of \"Truthfulness\" that can be represented by any real number in the range between 0 (as in Completely False) and 1 (as in Completely True) inclusive.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"fuzzy rule","answer":"FUZZYRULE","clue":"A rule used within fuzzy logic systems to infer an output based on input variables.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"fuzzy set","answer":"FUZZYSET","clue":"In classical set theory, the membership of elements in a set is assessed in binary terms according to a bivalent condition — an element either belongs or does not belong to the set.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"FXAA","answer":"FXAA","clue":"An approximate antialiasing method performed in a post-processing step which smooths the image in screen space, guided by edge detection (contrasting with the usual supersampling approaches that require larger frame-buffers).","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"game theory","answer":"GAMETHEORY","clue":"The study of mathematical models of strategic interaction between rational decision-makers.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Gamut","answer":"GAMUT","clue":"In color reproduction, including computer graphics and photography, the this concept, or color this concept /ˈɡæmət/, is a certain complete subset of colors.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Gantt chart","answer":"GANTTCHART","clue":"is a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Garbage collection","answer":"GARBAGECOLLECTION","clue":"this concept is a term used in computer programming to describe the process of finding and deleting objects which are no longer being referenced by other objects.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/garbage_collection/index.md"},{"term":"G-buffer","answer":"GBUFFER","clue":"A screen space representation of geometry and material information, generated by an intermediate rendering pass in deferred shading rendering pipelines.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Gecko","answer":"GECKO","clue":"this concept is the layout engine developed by the Mozilla Project and used in many apps/devices, including Firefox and Firefox OS.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/gecko/index.md"},{"term":"general game playing","answer":"GENERALGAMEPLAYING","clue":"this concept is the design of artificial intelligence programs to be able to run and play more than one game successfully.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"General header","answer":"GENERALHEADER","clue":"this concept is an outdated term used to refer to an HTTP header that can be used in both request and response messages, but which doesn't apply to the content itself (a header that applied to the content was called an entity header).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/general_header/index.md"},{"term":"generalization","answer":"GENERALIZATION","clue":"The concept that humans, other animals, and artificial neural networks use past learning in present situations of learning if the conditions in the situations are regarded as similar.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"generalization error","answer":"GENERALIZATIONERROR","clue":"For supervised learning applications in machine learning and statistical learning theory, this concept (also known as the out-of-sample error or the risk) is a measure of how accurately a learning algorithm is able to predict outcomes for previously unseen data.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Generalization Tree","answer":"GENERALIZATIONTREE","clue":"Several specialized classifiers may point to the same general classifier, forming a this concept, where the general classifer contains common features shared by all the specialized versions.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"generative AI","answer":"GENERATIVEAI","clue":"Generative artificial intelligence is artificial intelligence capable of generating text, images, or other media in response to prompts.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"genetic algorithm","answer":"GENETICALGORITHM","clue":"A metaheuristic inspired by the process of natural selection that belongs to the larger class of evolutionary algorithms (EA).","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"genetic operator","answer":"GENETICOPERATOR","clue":"An operator used in genetic algorithms to guide the algorithm towards a solution to a given problem.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Geometry","answer":"GEOMETRY","clue":"Typically used to refer to vertex & rendering primitive connectivity information (distinct from materials and textures).","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Geometry shader","answer":"GEOMETRYSHADER","clue":"In APIs such as OpenGL and Direct3D, this concept is an optional stage able to process 3D model geometry in more advanced ways than a vertex or tessellation shaders (e.g. turn primitives into other primitives).","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"GIF","answer":"GIF","clue":"this concept (Graphics Interchange Format) is an image format that uses lossless compression and can be used for animations.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/gif/index.md"},{"term":"gigabyte","answer":"GIGABYTE","clue":"A multiple of the unit byte for digital information.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Git","answer":"GIT","clue":"this concept is a free, open-source, distributed Source Code Management (SCM) system.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/git/index.md"},{"term":"GitOps","answer":"GITOPS","clue":"Operating model where version-controlled declarative configuration drives environment reconciliation.","category":"Software delivery","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Global illumination","answer":"GLOBALILLUMINATION","clue":"Computing the global interactions of light within the scene, e.g. 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(instruction-stream-based) computing and reconfigurable computing (no instruction fetch at run time).","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360795787"},{"term":"Hybrid-core","answer":"HYBRIDCORE","clue":"this concept computing is the technique of extending a commodity instruction set architecture (e.g. x86) with application-specific instructions to accelerate application performance.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360795787"},{"term":"Hyperlink","answer":"HYPERLINK","clue":"Hyperlinks connect webpages or data items to one another.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/hyperlink/index.md"},{"term":"hyperparameter","answer":"HYPERPARAMETER","clue":"A parameter that can be set in order to define any configurable part of a machine learning model's learning process.","category":"AI & machine 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programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/hypertext/index.md"},{"term":"IANA","answer":"IANA","clue":"this concept (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) is a subsidiary of ICANN charged with recording and/or assigning domain names, IP addresses, and other names and numbers used by Internet protocols.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/iana/index.md"},{"term":"I-cache","answer":"ICACHE","clue":"A cache in a CPU or GPU servicing instruction fetch requests for program code (or shaders for a GPU), possibly implementing modified Harvard architecture if program machine code is stored in the same address space and physical memory as data.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"ICANN","answer":"ICANN","clue":"this concept (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) is an international nonprofit that maintains the domain name system and the record of IP addresses.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/icann/index.md"},{"term":"ICE","answer":"ICE","clue":"this concept (Interactive Connectivity Establishment) is a framework used by WebRTC (among other technologies) for connecting two peers, regardless of network topology (usually for audio and video chat).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/ice/index.md"},{"term":"IDE","answer":"IDE","clue":"Integrated development environment.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Idempotency","answer":"IDEMPOTENCY","clue":"Property that lets an operation be repeated without changing its effect after the first application.","category":"Distributed systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Idempotent","answer":"IDEMPOTENT","clue":"An HTTP method is this concept if the intended effect on the server of making a single request is the same as the effect of making several identical requests.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/idempotent/index.md"},{"term":"identifier","answer":"IDENTIFIER","clue":"In computer languages, identifiers are tokens (also called symbols) which name language entities.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Identity provider","answer":"IDENTITYPROVIDER","clue":"An this concept (IdP) is an entity in a federated identity system that manages a user's credentials and can authenticate users.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/identity_provider/index.md"},{"term":"IDL","answer":"IDL","clue":"An this concept (Interface Description Language) is a generic language, used to specify object interfaces independent of any particular programming language.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/idl/index.md"},{"term":"IETF","answer":"IETF","clue":"The Internet Engineering Task Force (this concept) is a worldwide organization that drafts specifications governing the mechanisms behind the Internet, especially the TCP/IP or Internet Protocol Suite.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/ietf/index.md"},{"term":"IIFE","answer":"IIFE","clue":"An this concept (Immediately Invoked Function Expression) is an idiom in which a JavaScript function runs as soon as it is defined.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/iife/index.md"},{"term":"Image","answer":"IMAGE","clue":"A duplicate copy of some digital media created as part of the forensic process","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1221924731"},{"term":"Image channel","answer":"IMAGECHANNEL","clue":"A single component (referred to as a channel) of a bitmap image; one of multiple components per pixel, e.g. for RGB or YUV color space, or additional channels for alpha blending","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Image file formats","answer":"IMAGEFILEFORMATS","clue":"this concept provide a standardized method of organizing and storing image data.","category":"AI & machine 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rendering","answer":"IMAGEORDERRENDERING","clue":"Rendering methods that iterate over pixels of the screen in order to draw the image (e.g. raytracing).","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Image plane","answer":"IMAGEPLANE","clue":"The plane in the world which is identified with the plane of the display monitor used to view the image that is being rendered.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"IMAP","answer":"IMAP","clue":"this concept (Internet Message Access Protocol) is a protocol used to retrieve and store emails.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/imap/index.md"},{"term":"Immediate mode rendering","answer":"IMMEDIATEMODERENDERING","clue":"The submission of rendering commands and rendering primitive data without the extensive use of managed resources; rendering primitive vertex attribute data may be embedded directly into a command list, rather than referenced indirectly from resources.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Immutable","answer":"IMMUTABLE","clue":"An this concept value is one whose content cannot be changed without creating an entirely new value, in comparison with mutable values.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/immutable/index.md"},{"term":"imperative programming","answer":"IMPERATIVEPROGRAMMING","clue":"A programming paradigm that uses statements that change a program's state.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Impostor","answer":"IMPOSTOR","clue":"A dynamically rendered Billboard texture map used to stand in for geometry in the distance.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Incandescent light bulb","answer":"INCANDESCENTLIGHTBULB","clue":"An this concept generates light using a glowing filament heated to white-hot by an electric current.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"incremental build model","answer":"INCREMENTALBUILDMODEL","clue":"A method of software development where the product is designed, implemented and tested incrementally (a little more is added each time) until the product is finished.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"incremental learning","answer":"INCREMENTALLEARNING","clue":"A method of machine learning, in which input data is continuously used to extend the existing model's knowledge i.e. to further train the model.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Index buffer","answer":"INDEXBUFFER","clue":"A rendering resource used to define rendering primitive connectivity information between vertices.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"IndexedDB","answer":"INDEXEDDB","clue":"this concept is a Web API for storing large data structures within browsers and indexing them for high-performance searching.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/indexeddb/index.md"},{"term":"Indirect illumination","answer":"INDIRECTILLUMINATION","clue":"Another term for global illumination.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Inference","answer":"INFERENCE","clue":"Using a trained model to compute an output for a new input.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"inference engine","answer":"INFERENCEENGINE","clue":"A component of the system that applies logical rules to the knowledge base to deduce new information.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Information architecture","answer":"INFORMATIONARCHITECTURE","clue":"this concept, as applied to web design and development, is the practice of organizing the information / content / functionality of a website so that it presents the best user experience it can, with information and services being easily usable and findable.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/information_architecture/index.md"},{"term":"information integration","answer":"INFORMATIONINTEGRATION","clue":"The merging of information from heterogeneous sources with differing conceptual, contextual and typographical representations.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"information space analysis","answer":"INFORMATIONSPACEANALYSIS","clue":"A deterministic method, enhanced by machine intelligence, for locating and assessing resources for team-centric efforts.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Infrastructure as code","answer":"INFRASTRUCTUREASCODE","clue":"Managing infrastructure through machine-readable, version-controlled definitions.","category":"Software delivery","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"inheritance","answer":"INHERITANCE","clue":"In object-oriented programming, the mechanism of basing an object or class upon another object (prototype-based this concept) or class (class-based this concept), retaining similar implementation.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Initial node","answer":"INITIALNODE","clue":"the start point of an Activity diagram","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Initial pseudostate","answer":"INITIALPSEUDOSTATE","clue":"points to the initial State of an Object","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Ink overflow","answer":"INKOVERFLOW","clue":"The this concept of a box refers to the part of the box and its contents that creates a visual effect outside of the box's border box.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/ink_overflow/index.md"},{"term":"Inline-level content","answer":"INLINELEVELCONTENT","clue":"In CSS, content that participates in inline layout is called this concept.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/inline-level_content/index.md"},{"term":"input device","answer":"INPUTDEVICE","clue":"Any peripheral equipment used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Input method editor","answer":"INPUTMETHODEDITOR","clue":"An this concept (IME) is a program that provides a specialized user interface for text input.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/input_method_editor/index.md"},{"term":"input/output","answer":"INPUTOUTPUT","clue":"The communication between an information processing system, such as a computer, and the outside world, possibly a human or another information processing system.","category":"Computer 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counter.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"integer","answer":"INTEGER","clue":"A datum of integral data type, a data type that represents some range of mathematical integers.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"integrated circuit","answer":"INTEGRATEDCIRCUIT","clue":"A miniaturised electronic circuit that has been manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Integrated Master Plan","answer":"INTEGRATEDMASTERPLAN","clue":"(IMP) is an event-based, top level plan, consisting of a hierarchy of Program Events.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"integration testing","answer":"INTEGRATIONTESTING","clue":"(sometimes called integration and testing, abbreviated I&T) is the phase in software testing in which individual software modules are combined and tested as a group.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"intellectual property","answer":"INTELLECTUALPROPERTY","clue":"A category of legal property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"intelligence amplification","answer":"INTELLIGENCEAMPLIFICATION","clue":"Also cognitive augmentation, machine augmented intelligence, and enhanced intelligence.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"intelligence explosion","answer":"INTELLIGENCEEXPLOSION","clue":"A possible outcome of humanity building artificial general intelligence (AGI).","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"intelligent agent","answer":"INTELLIGENTAGENT","clue":"In artificial intelligence, an this concept (IA) refers to an autonomous entity which acts, directing its activity towards achieving goals (i.e. it is an agent), upon an environment using observation through sensors and consequent actuators (i.e. it is intelligent).","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"intelligent control","answer":"INTELLIGENTCONTROL","clue":"A class of control techniques that use various artificial intelligence computing approaches like neural networks, Bayesian probability, fuzzy logic, machine learning, reinforcement learning, evolutionary computation and genetic algorithms.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Interaction Frame","answer":"INTERACTIONFRAME","clue":"a section of a 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software is said to have this concept if the notes on how and why various parts of code operate is included within the source code as comments.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Internationalization","answer":"INTERNATIONALIZATION","clue":"this concept, often shortened to \"i18n\", is the practice of designing a system in such a way that it can easily be adapted for different target audiences, that may vary in region, language, or culture.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/internationalization/index.md"},{"term":"internet","answer":"INTERNET","clue":"The global system of interconnected computer networks that use the this concept protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"internet bot","answer":"INTERNETBOT","clue":"A software application that runs automated tasks (scripts) over the Internet.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Interpolation","answer":"INTERPOLATION","clue":"this concept is a method for estimating new data points based on a set of known data points.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/interpolation/index.md"},{"term":"interpretation","answer":"INTERPRETATION","clue":"An assignment of meaning to the symbols of a formal language.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"interpreter","answer":"INTERPRETER","clue":"A computer program that directly executes instructions written in a programming or scripting language, without requiring them to have been previously compiled into a machine language program.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"interquartile range","answer":"INTERQUARTILERANGE","clue":"A measure of the statistical dispersion or spread of a dataset, defined as the difference between the 25th and 75th percentiles of the data.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"interrupt","answer":"INTERRUPT","clue":"A condition related to the state of the hardware that may be signaled by an external hardware device.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Intersection test","answer":"INTERSECTIONTEST","clue":"Determining if two pieces of geometry intersect, commonly required in simulation, rendering pipelines, and 3D modelling applications.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"intrinsic motivation","answer":"INTRINSICMOTIVATION","clue":"An intelligent agent is intrinsically motivated to act if the information content alone, of the experience resulting from the action, is the motivating factor.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Intrinsic size","answer":"INTRINSICSIZE","clue":"In CSS, the this concept of an element is the size it would have based purely on its content, without taking into account the effects of the layout context it appears in.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/intrinsic_size/index.md"},{"term":"invariant","answer":"INVARIANT","clue":"One can encounter invariants that can be relied upon to be true during the execution of a program, or during some portion of it.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Inventor","answer":"INVENTOR","clue":"List the names of those credited with the design of the file system specification.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1375520183"},{"term":"IP Address","answer":"IPADDRESS","clue":"An this concept is a number used to address each device on an IP network uniquely.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/ip_address/index.md"},{"term":"IRC","answer":"IRC","clue":"this concept (Internet Relay Chat) is a worldwide chat system requiring an Internet connection and an this concept client, which sends and receives messages via the this concept server.","category":"Web & 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tree","answer":"ISSUETREE","clue":"Also logic tree. A graphical breakdown of a question that dissects it into its different components vertically and that progresses into details as it reads to the right.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"iteration","answer":"ITERATION","clue":"Is the repetition of a process in order to generate an outcome.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"ITU","answer":"ITU","clue":"The International Telecommunication Union (this concept) is the organization authorized by the United Nations to establish standards and rules for telecommunication, including telegraph, radio, telephony and the internet.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/itu/index.md"},{"term":"Jank","answer":"JANK","clue":"flickering in a user interface, due to the software generating the interface being unable to update quickly enough for the display's frame rate.","category":"Networks & web","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1223442825"},{"term":"Java","answer":"JAVA","clue":"A general-purpose programming language that is class-based, object-oriented(although not a pure OO language), and designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"JavaScript","answer":"JAVASCRIPT","clue":"this concept (or \"JS\") is a programming language used most often for dynamic client-side scripts on webpages, but it is also often used on the server-side, using a runtime such as Node.js, Deno, and Bun.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/javascript/index.md"},{"term":"Jitter","answer":"JITTER","clue":"Random variation added to retry delays to avoid synchronized request bursts.","category":"Distributed systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Join","answer":"JOIN","clue":"a point in an activity diagram where several concurrent flows (threads) synchronize, waiting until all are complete before continuing with a single flow","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"joint distribution","answer":"JOINTDISTRIBUTION","clue":"Given two random variables X and Y, the this concept of X and Y is the probability distribution of X and Y together.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"joint probability","answer":"JOINTPROBABILITY","clue":"The probability of two events occurring together.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"JPEG","answer":"JPEG","clue":"this concept (pronounced jay-peg) is a most commonly used standard method of lossy compression for photographic images.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"JSON","answer":"JSON","clue":"JavaScript Object Notation (this concept) is a data-interchange format.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/json/index.md"},{"term":"JSON type representation","answer":"JSONTYPEREPRESENTATION","clue":"JSON is a convenient and widely used format for serializing objects, arrays, numbers, strings, booleans, and null.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/json_type_representation/index.md"},{"term":"jump drive","answer":"JUMPDRIVE","clue":"Another name for a USB flash drive.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"junction tree algorithm","answer":"JUNCTIONTREEALGORITHM","clue":"Also Clique Tree.A method used in machine learning to extract marginalization in general graphs.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Just-In-Time Compilation","answer":"JUSTINTIMECOMPILATION","clue":"JIT (this concept) is a compilation process in which code is translated from an intermediate representation or a higher-level language (e.g., JavaScript or Java bytecode) into machine code at runtime, rather than prior to execution.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/just_in_time_compilation/index.md"},{"term":"K-DOP","answer":"KDOP","clue":"A type of bounding volume used for fast intersection tests; a discrete oriented polytope (DOP).","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Kebab case","answer":"KEBABCASE","clue":"this concept is a way of writing phrases without spaces, where spaces are replaced with hyphens -, and the words are typically all lower case.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/kebab_case/index.md"},{"term":"Kell factor","answer":"KELLFACTOR","clue":"It is a parameter used to determine the effective resolution of a discrete display device.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"kernel","answer":"KERNEL","clue":"The first section of an operating system to load into memory.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"kernel method","answer":"KERNELMETHOD","clue":"In machine learning, kernel methods are a class of algorithms for pattern analysis, whose best known member is the support vector machine (SVM).","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Key","answer":"KEY","clue":"A this concept is a piece of information used by a cipher for encryption and/or decryption.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/key/index.md"},{"term":"keyboard","answer":"KEYBOARD","clue":"An input device, partially modeled after the typewriter this concept, which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys to act as mechanical levers or electronic switches.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Key derivation function","answer":"KEYDERIVATIONFUNCTION","clue":"function used to derive a key from a secret value, e.g. to derive KEK from Diffie-Hellman key exchange.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Key encryption key","answer":"KEYENCRYPTIONKEY","clue":"key used to protect MEK keys (or DEK/TEK if MEK is not used).","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Key fill","answer":"KEYFILL","clue":"(NSA) loading keys into a cryptographic device.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Key production key","answer":"KEYPRODUCTIONKEY","clue":"Key used to initialize a keystream generator for the production of other electronically generated keys.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Keyword","answer":"KEYWORD","clue":"A this concept is a word or phrase that describes content.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/keyword/index.md"},{"term":"Kickoff meeting","answer":"KICKOFFMEETING","clue":"is the first meeting with the project team and the client of the project.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"KL-ONE","answer":"KLONE","clue":"A well-known knowledge representation system in the tradition of semantic networks and frames; that is, it is a frame language.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"k-means clustering","answer":"KMEANSCLUSTERING","clue":"A method of vector quantization, originally from signal processing, that aims to partition n observations into k clusters in which each observation belongs to the cluster with the nearest mean (cluster centers or cluster centroid), serving as a prototype of the cluster.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"k-nearest neighbors","answer":"KNEARESTNEIGHBORS","clue":"A non-parametric supervised learning method first developed by Evelyn Fix and Joseph Hodges in 1951, and later expanded by Thomas Cover.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"knowledge acquisition","answer":"KNOWLEDGEACQUISITION","clue":"The process used to define the rules and ontologies required for a knowledge-based system.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"knowledge-based system","answer":"KNOWLEDGEBASEDSYSTEM","clue":"A computer program that reasons and uses a knowledge base to solve complex problems.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"knowledge distillation","answer":"KNOWLEDGEDISTILLATION","clue":"The process of transferring knowledge from a large machine learning model to a smaller one.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"knowledge engineering","answer":"KNOWLEDGEENGINEERING","clue":"All technical, scientific, and social aspects involved in building, maintaining, and using knowledge-based systems.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"knowledge extraction","answer":"KNOWLEDGEEXTRACTION","clue":"The creation of knowledge from structured (relational databases, XML) and unstructured (text, documents, images) sources.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"knowledge Interchange Format","answer":"KNOWLEDGEINTERCHANGEFORMAT","clue":"A computer language designed to enable systems to share and reuse information from knowledge-based systems.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"kurtosis","answer":"KURTOSIS","clue":"A measure of the \"tailedness\" of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Lag","answer":"LAG","clue":"perceived poor response times or sluggishness in a user interface, which may be due to programming defects, use of low-quality processes, executing long tasks.","category":"Networks & web","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1223442825"},{"term":"Lamport clock","answer":"LAMPORTCLOCK","clue":"Logical timestamp scheme that preserves the happened-before relationship using scalar counters.","category":"Distributed systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"language model","answer":"LANGUAGEMODEL","clue":"A probabilistic model that manipulates natural language.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"large language model","answer":"LARGELANGUAGEMODEL","clue":"A language model with a large number of parameters (typically at least a billion) that are adjusted during training.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Largest Contentful Paint","answer":"LARGESTCONTENTFULPAINT","clue":"The this concept (LCP) performance metric provides the render time of the largest image or text block visible within the viewport, recorded from when the page first begins to load.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/largest_contentful_paint/index.md"},{"term":"Laser","answer":"LASER","clue":"In physics, a this concept is a device that emits light through a specific mechanism for which the term this concept is an acronym: light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Latency","answer":"LATENCY","clue":"this concept is the network time it takes for a requested resource to reach its destination.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/latency/index.md"},{"term":"law of large numbers","answer":"LAWOFLARGENUMBERS","clue":"A theorem according to which the average of the results obtained from performing the same experiment a large number of times should be close to the experiment's expected value, and tends to become closer to the expected value as more trials are performed.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Layer normalization","answer":"LAYERNORMALIZATION","clue":"Normalizing activations across features within an individual example or token.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Layout mode","answer":"LAYOUTMODE","clue":"A this concept, sometimes called layout, is a CSS algorithm that determines the position and size of element boxes based on the way they interact with their sibling and ancestor boxes.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/layout_mode/index.md"},{"term":"Layout viewport","answer":"LAYOUTVIEWPORT","clue":"The this concept is the viewport into which the browser draws a web page.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/layout_viewport/index.md"},{"term":"lazy learning","answer":"LAZYLEARNING","clue":"In machine learning, this concept is a learning method in which generalization of the training data is, in theory, delayed until a query is made to the system, as opposed to in eager learning, where the system tries to generalize the training data before receiving queries.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Lazy load","answer":"LAZYLOAD","clue":"Lazy loading is a strategy that delays the loading of some assets (e.g., images) until they are needed by the user based on the user's activity and navigation pattern; typically, these assets are only loaded when they are scrolled into view.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/lazy_load/index.md"},{"term":"Leading","answer":"LEADING","clue":"In typography, this concept is an amount of space included above and below text to provide spacing between lines.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/leading/index.md"},{"term":"Lean manufacturing","answer":"LEANMANUFACTURING","clue":"or lean production, which is often known simply as \"Lean\", is the practice of a theory of production that considers the expenditure of resources for any means other than the creation of value for the presumed customer to be wasteful, and thus a target for elimination.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Lease","answer":"LEASE","clue":"Time-bounded grant of access or leadership that must be renewed.","category":"Distributed systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Least privilege","answer":"LEASTPRIVILEGE","clue":"Principle that grants only the permissions required to perform a task.","category":"Security","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Leet","answer":"LEET","clue":"this concept, or \"1337\", (from elite) is someone who is unnaturally adept at a certain trait or ability.","category":"Networks & web","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1223442825"},{"term":"Lens","answer":"LENS","clue":"A this concept is a device that causes light to either converge and concentrate or to diverge, usually formed from a piece of shaped glass.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Lens Controller","answer":"LENSCONTROLLER","clue":"A this concept is a device used to control a motorized (ZFI) lens.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Lethal autonomous weapon","answer":"LETHALAUTONOMOUSWEAPON","clue":"aka this concept system (LAWS), autonomous weapon system (AWS), robotic weapon, or killer robot type of military drone or military robot, which is autonomous in that it can independently search for and engage targets based on programmed constraints and descriptions.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Level of detail","answer":"LEVELOFDETAIL","clue":"If an object contributes less to the rendered result, e.g. by being far away from the camera, LOD chooses to use a simpler version of the object (e.g. with fewer polygons or textures).","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Level of effort","answer":"LEVELOFEFFORT","clue":"(LOE) is qualified as a support type activity which doesn't lend itself to measurement of a discrete accomplishment.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"LGPL","answer":"LGPL","clue":"this concept (GNU Lesser General Public License) is a free software license published by the Free Software Foundation.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/lgpl/index.md"},{"term":"library","answer":"LIBRARY","clue":"A collection of non-volatile resources used by computer programs, often for software development.","category":"Computer 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light.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Light probe","answer":"LIGHTPROBE","clue":"Object used to capture light parameters at a specific point in space in order to help compute scene lighting.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Light vector","answer":"LIGHTVECTOR","clue":"In shading calculations, a 3d unit vector representing the direction of incident light onto a model's surface.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"likelihood function","answer":"LIKELIHOODFUNCTION","clue":"A conditional probability function considered a function of its second argument with its first argument held fixed.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Linearizability","answer":"LINEARIZABILITY","clue":"Consistency model in which each operation appears to take effect at one instant between invocation and response.","category":"Distributed systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Linear scheduling method","answer":"LINEARSCHEDULINGMETHOD","clue":"(LSM) is a graphical scheduling method focusing on continuous resource utilization in repetitive activities.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"linear search","answer":"LINEARSEARCH","clue":"A method for finding an element within a list.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Line primitive","answer":"LINEPRIMITIVE","clue":"A rendering primitive or modelling primitive representing a line segment, used for wireframes.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Link","answer":"LINK","clue":"a relationship between objects. While an Object is an instantiation of a Class a this concept can be seen as an instantiation of an Association.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"linked list","answer":"LINKEDLIST","clue":"A linear collection of data elements, whose order is not given by their physical placement in memory.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"linker","answer":"LINKER","clue":"or link editor, is a computer utility program that takes one or more object files generated by a compiler or an assembler and combines them into a single executable file, library file, or another 'object' file.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Lisp","answer":"LISP","clue":"A family of programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized prefix notation.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"list","answer":"LIST","clue":"An abstract data type that represents a countable number of ordered values, where the same value may occur more than once.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Literal","answer":"LITERAL","clue":"Literals represent values in JavaScript. These are fixed values—not variables—that you literally provide in your script.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/literal/index.md"},{"term":"Live analysis","answer":"LIVEANALYSIS","clue":"Analysis of a piece of digital media from within itself; often used to acquire data from RAM where this would be lost upon shutting down the device","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1221924731"},{"term":"Livelock","answer":"LIVELOCK","clue":"Failure in which participants keep reacting to each other without making progress.","category":"Systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"loader","answer":"LOADER","clue":"The part of an operating system that is responsible for loading programs and libraries.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"load–store architecture","answer":"LOADSTOREARCHITECTURE","clue":"An instruction set architecture where arithmetic/logic instructions may only be performed between processor registers, relying on separate load/store instructions for all data transfers.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"load/store instructions","answer":"LOADSTOREINSTRUCTIONS","clue":"instructions used to transfer data between memory and processor registers.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Locale","answer":"LOCALE","clue":"this concept is a set of language- or country-based preferences for a user interface.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/locale/index.md"},{"term":"Localization","answer":"LOCALIZATION","clue":"this concept (l10n) is the process of adapting a software user interface to a specific culture.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/localization/index.md"},{"term":"local memory","answer":"LOCALMEMORY","clue":"memory associated closely with a processing element, e.g. a cache, scratchpad, the memory connected to one processor node in a NUMA or COMA system, or device memory (such as VRAM) in an accelerator.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Local scope","answer":"LOCALSCOPE","clue":"this concept is a characteristic of variables that makes them local (i.e., the variable name is only bound to its value within a scope which is not the global scope).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/local_scope/index.md"},{"term":"Local variable","answer":"LOCALVARIABLE","clue":"A variable whose name is bound to its value only within a local scope.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/local_variable/index.md"},{"term":"lock","answer":"LOCK","clue":"In computer science, a this concept or mutex (from mutual exclusion) is a synchronization mechanism for enforcing limits on access to a resource in an environment where there are many threads of execution.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336240793"},{"term":"Logical properties","answer":"LOGICALPROPERTIES","clue":"CSS this concept provide a way to lay out content based on the document's writing mode and direction rather than the physical dimensions of the viewport.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/logical_properties/index.md"},{"term":"logic error","answer":"LOGICERROR","clue":"In computer programming, a bug in a program that causes it to operate incorrectly, but not to terminate abnormally (or crash).","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"logic programming","answer":"LOGICPROGRAMMING","clue":"A type of programming paradigm which is largely based on formal logic.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"long short-term memory","answer":"LONGSHORTTERMMEMORY","clue":"An artificial recurrent neural network architecture used in the field of deep learning.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Long task","answer":"LONGTASK","clue":"A this concept is a task that takes more than 50ms to complete.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/long_task/index.md"},{"term":"Loop","answer":"LOOP","clue":"A this concept is a sequence of instructions that is repeated until a certain condition is met.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/loop/index.md"},{"term":"LoRA","answer":"LORA","clue":"Parameter-efficient adaptation technique that trains low-rank updates to model weights.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Lossless compression","answer":"LOSSLESSCOMPRESSION","clue":"this concept is a class of data compression algorithms that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/lossless_compression/index.md"},{"term":"Lossy compression","answer":"LOSSYCOMPRESSION","clue":"this concept, or irreversible compression, is a data-compression method that uses inexact approximations and partial-data discarding to represent content.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/lossy_compression/index.md"},{"term":"Low level rendering API","answer":"LOWLEVELRENDERINGAPI","clue":"A library providing a minimal abstraction layer over a graphics processing unit's raw command lists, such as Vulkan, LibGCM, or Metal (API).","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"LSM tree","answer":"LSMTREE","clue":"Write-oriented index structure that batches updates and merges sorted storage components.","category":"Databases","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"LTR","answer":"LTR","clue":"this concept (Left To Right) is a locale property indicating that text is written from left to right.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/ltr/index.md"},{"term":"Lumels","answer":"LUMELS","clue":"A term for texels in the texture map representing a lightmap.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Lurk","answer":"LURK","clue":"Used to describe visiting and spending time on forums and image boards viewing content but not posting.","category":"Networks & web","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1223442825"},{"term":"machine learning","answer":"MACHINELEARNING","clue":"The scientific study of algorithms and statistical models that computer systems use to perform a specific task without using explicit instructions, relying on patterns and inference instead.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"machine listening","answer":"MACHINELISTENING","clue":"Also computer audition (CA). A general field of study of algorithms and systems for audio understanding by machine.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"machine perception","answer":"MACHINEPERCEPTION","clue":"The capability of a computer system to interpret data in a manner that is similar to the way humans use their senses to relate to the world around them.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"machine vision","answer":"MACHINEVISION","clue":"The technology and methods used to provide imaging-based automatic inspection and analysis for such applications as automatic inspection, process control, and robot guidance, usually in industry.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Magic state distillation","answer":"MAGICSTATEDISTILLATION","clue":"is a process that takes in multiple noisy quantum states and outputs a smaller number of more reliable quantum states.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368754231"},{"term":"Main axis","answer":"MAINAXIS","clue":"The this concept in flexbox is defined by the direction set by the flex-direction property.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/main_axis/index.md"},{"term":"mainframe computer","answer":"MAINFRAMECOMPUTER","clue":"An especially powerful computer used mainly by large organizations for bulk data processing such as census, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and financial transaction processing.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"main memory","answer":"MAINMEMORY","clue":"The largest random-access memory in a memory hierarchy (before offline storage) in a computer system.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Main thread","answer":"MAINTHREAD","clue":"The this concept is where a browser processes user events and paints.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/main_thread/index.md"},{"term":"Management","answer":"MANAGEMENT","clue":"in business and human organization activity is simply the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Management process","answer":"MANAGEMENTPROCESS","clue":"is a process of planning and controlling the performance or execution of any type of activity.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Management science","answer":"MANAGEMENTSCIENCE","clue":"(MS), is the discipline of using mathematical modeling and other analytical methods, to help make better business management decisions.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Manhattan distance","answer":"MANHATTANDISTANCE","clue":"Measure of distance between two points, different from Euclidean distance, that sums the distances along principal axes.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Marching cubes","answer":"MARCHINGCUBES","clue":"A method for triangulating implicit surfaces.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"marginal distribution","answer":"MARGINALDISTRIBUTION","clue":"Given two jointly distributed random variables X and Y, the this concept of X is simply the probability distribution of X when information about Y is ignored.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"marginal probability","answer":"MARGINALPROBABILITY","clue":"The probability of a given event, ignoring any information about other events.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Markov chain","answer":"MARKOVCHAIN","clue":"A stochastic model describing a sequence of possible events in which the probability of each event depends only on the state attained in the previous event.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Markov decision process","answer":"MARKOVDECISIONPROCESS","clue":"A discrete time stochastic control process. It provides a mathematical framework for modeling decision making in situations where outcomes are partly random and partly under the control of a decision maker.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Markup","answer":"MARKUP","clue":"A this concept language is one that is designed for defining and presenting text.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/markup/index.md"},{"term":"mask ROM","answer":"MASKROM","clue":"A type of read-only memory (ROM) whose contents are programmed by the integrated circuit manufacturer.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Master key","answer":"MASTERKEY","clue":"key from which all other keys (or a large group of keys) can be derived.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Master key encryption key","answer":"MASTERKEYENCRYPTIONKEY","clue":"Used to encrypt multiple KEK keys. For example, an HSM can generate several KEK and wrap them with an MKEK before export to an external DB - such as OpenStack Barbican.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Materialized view","answer":"MATERIALIZEDVIEW","clue":"Stored result of a query that is maintained or refreshed for faster reads.","category":"Databases","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"mathematical logic","answer":"MATHEMATICALLOGIC","clue":"A subfield of mathematics exploring the applications of formal logic to mathematics.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"mathematical optimization","answer":"MATHEMATICALOPTIMIZATION","clue":"Also mathematical programming. In mathematics, computer science, and operations research, the selection of a best element (with regard to some criterion) from some set of available alternatives.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"MathML","answer":"MATHML","clue":"this concept (an XML application) is an open standard for representing mathematical expressions in webpages.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/mathml/index.md"},{"term":"matrix","answer":"MATRIX","clue":"In mathematics, a this concept, (plural matrices), is a rectangular array (see irregular this concept) of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Maximum date","answer":"MAXIMUMDATE","clue":"The maximum year that can be handled by the file system, as per the specification.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1375520183"},{"term":"Maximum filename size","answer":"MAXIMUMFILENAMESIZE","clue":"The maximum number of characters that a file or directory name may contain.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1375520183"},{"term":"Maximum files","answer":"MAXIMUMFILES","clue":"The maximum number of files the file system can handle.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1375520183"},{"term":"Maximum volume size","answer":"MAXIMUMVOLUMESIZE","clue":"The maximum size of a volume that the file system specification can handle.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1375520183"},{"term":"mean","answer":"MEAN","clue":"1. The expected value of a random variable.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"mechanism design","answer":"MECHANISMDESIGN","clue":"A field in economics and game theory that takes an engineering approach to designing economic mechanisms or incentives, toward desired objectives, in strategic settings, where players act rationally.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"mechatronics","answer":"MECHATRONICS","clue":"Also mechatronic engineering. A multidisciplinary branch of engineering that focuses on the engineering of both electrical and mechanical systems, and also includes a combination of robotics, electronics, computer, telecommunications, systems, control, and product engineering.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Media","answer":"MEDIA","clue":"The term this concept is an overloaded one when talking about the web; it takes on different meanings depending on the context.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/media/index.md"},{"term":"Megaproject","answer":"MEGAPROJECT","clue":"is an extremely large-scale investment project.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"MegaTexturing","answer":"MEGATEXTURING","clue":"Texturing technique that works with extremely large textures which are not loaded into memory all at once, but rather streamed from the hard disk depending on the camera view.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Memoization","answer":"MEMOIZATION","clue":"this concept is an optimization technique that stores the result of a function call and returns the stored result when the function is called again with the same inputs.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/memoization/index.md"},{"term":"memory","answer":"MEMORY","clue":"Computer data storage, often called storage, is a technology consisting of computer components and recording media that are used to retain digital data.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"memory access pattern","answer":"MEMORYACCESSPATTERN","clue":"The pattern with which software or some other system (such as an accelerator or DMA channel) accesses, reads, and writes memory on secondary storage.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"memory address","answer":"MEMORYADDRESS","clue":"The address of a location in a memory or other address space.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"memory architecture","answer":"MEMORYARCHITECTURE","clue":"A this concept in a computer system, e.g.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Memory barrier","answer":"MEMORYBARRIER","clue":"Operation that constrains the ordering and visibility of memory accesses.","category":"Systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Merge","answer":"MERGE","clue":"a point in an activity diagram marking the end of the optional behavior started by a Decision","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"merge sort","answer":"MERGESORT","clue":"An efficient, general-purpose, comparison-based sorting algorithm.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Merkle tree","answer":"MERKLETREE","clue":"Hash-based tree that allows efficient verification of data integrity and differences.","category":"Security","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Message","answer":"MESSAGE","clue":"a signal from one object (or similar entity) to another, often with parameters.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Metadata","answer":"METADATA","clue":"this concept is — in its very simplest definition — data that describes data.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/metadata/index.md"},{"term":"method","answer":"METHOD","clue":"In object-oriented programming (OOP), a procedure associated with a message and an object.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"methodology","answer":"METHODOLOGY","clue":"In software engineering, a software development process is the process of dividing software development work into distinct phases to improve design, product management, and project management.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Metrology","answer":"METROLOGY","clue":"this concept is the science of measurement. There are many applications for machine vision in this concept.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"microcode","answer":"MICROCODE","clue":"A layer of hardware-level instructions involved in the implementation of higher level machine code instructions in many computers and other processors.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Microsoft Edge","answer":"MICROSOFTEDGE","clue":"Edge is a proprietary, cross-platform web browser developed by Microsoft in 2014.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/microsoft_edge/index.md"},{"term":"Microsoft Internet Explorer","answer":"MICROSOFTINTERNETEXPLORER","clue":"Internet Explorer (or IE) was a free, graphical web browser maintained by Microsoft for legacy enterprise uses.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/microsoft_internet_explorer/index.md"},{"term":"Microtexture","answer":"MICROTEXTURE","clue":"An alternative term sometimes used for Detail textures.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Middleware","answer":"MIDDLEWARE","clue":"this concept is a (loosely defined) term for any software or service that enables the parts of a system to communicate and manage data.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/middleware/index.md"},{"term":"Milestones","answer":"MILESTONES","clue":"are tools used in project management to mark specific points along a project timeline.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"MIME","answer":"MIME","clue":"this concept (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) is a standard to describe documents in other forms besides ASCII text, for example, audio, video, and images.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/mime/index.md"},{"term":"MIME type","answer":"MIMETYPE","clue":"A this concept (now properly called \"media type\", but also sometimes \"content type\") is a string sent along with a file indicating the type of the file (describing the content format, for example, a sound file might be labeled audio/ogg, or an image file image/png).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/mime_type/index.md"},{"term":"Minification","answer":"MINIFICATION","clue":"this concept is the process of removing unnecessary or redundant data without affecting how a resource is processed by the browser.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/minification/index.md"},{"term":"mini-VGA","answer":"MINIVGA","clue":"Small connectors used on some laptops and other systems in place of the standard VGA connector.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Mipmap","answer":"MIPMAP","clue":"Method of preventing aliasing by storing differently scaled versions of the same image and using the correct one during rendering.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"MitM","answer":"MITM","clue":"A manipulator in the middle attack (this concept) intercepts a communication between two systems.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/mitm/index.md"},{"term":"Mixin","answer":"MIXIN","clue":"A this concept is a class (interface, in WebAPI spec terms) in which some or all of its methods and/or properties are unimplemented, requiring that another class or interface provide the missing implementations.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/mixin/index.md"},{"term":"Mobile first","answer":"MOBILEFIRST","clue":"this concept, a form of progressive enhancement, is a web-development and web-design approach that focuses on prioritizing design and development for mobile screen sizes over design and development for desktop screen sizes.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/mobile_first/index.md"},{"term":"model checking","answer":"MODELCHECKING","clue":"In computer science, this concept or property checking is, for a given model of a system, exhaustively and automatically checking whether this model meets a given specification.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Modeling","answer":"MODELING","clue":"Domain - the representation of real world conceptual entities Design - the representation of software Classes and Interfaces Dynamic - use of Interaction diagrams to describe collaborations and behavior","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Modelling primitive","answer":"MODELLINGPRIMITIVE","clue":"Basic elements from which 3D models and 3D scenes are composed.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Model registry","answer":"MODELREGISTRY","clue":"Versioned catalogue of trained models and their associated metadata.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Model space","answer":"MODELSPACE","clue":"Coordinate system in which a 3D model is created and stored.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Model transformation matrix","answer":"MODELTRANSFORMATIONMATRIX","clue":"A transformation matrix producing world coordinates from a 3D model's local coordinates.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"modem","answer":"MODEM","clue":"A hardware device that converts data into a format suitable for a transmission medium so that it can be transmitted from one computer to another (historically along telephone wires).","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Modified date","answer":"MODIFIEDDATE","clue":"This date as shown by Windows there has been a change to the file itself.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1375520183"},{"term":"Modularity","answer":"MODULARITY","clue":"The term this concept refers to the degree to which a system's components may be separated and recombined, it is also division of a software package into logical units.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/modularity/index.md"},{"term":"modus ponens","answer":"MODUSPONENS","clue":"In propositional logic, this concept is a rule of inference.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"modus tollens","answer":"MODUSTOLLENS","clue":"In propositional logic, this concept is a valid argument form and a rule of inference.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"monitor","answer":"MONITOR","clue":"An electronic visual display for computers. A this concept usually comprises the display device, circuitry, casing, and power supply.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Monte Carlo tree search","answer":"MONTECARLOTREESEARCH","clue":"In computer science, this concept (MCTS) is a heuristic search algorithm for some kinds of decision processes.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Morphware","answer":"MORPHWARE","clue":"Another term for reconfigurable devices, indicating reconfigurability in contrast to \"hardware\".","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360795787"},{"term":"motherboard","answer":"MOTHERBOARD","clue":"The central printed circuit board (PCB) in many modern computers which provides a physical platform for attaching and arranging many of the crucial components of the system, usually while also providing connection space for peripherals.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Motion perception","answer":"MOTIONPERCEPTION","clue":"MP is the process of inferring the speed and direction of objects and surfaces that move in a visual scene given some visual input.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Motivation","answer":"MOTIVATION","clue":"is the set of reasons that prompts one to engage in a particular behavior.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"mouse","answer":"MOUSE","clue":"A pointing device that functions by detecting two-dimensional motion relative to its supporting surface; motion is usually mapped to a cursor in screen space; typically used to control a graphical user interface on a desktop computer or for CAD, etc.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"moving average","answer":"MOVINGAVERAGE","clue":"A series of mathematical averages or means of different subsets of a larger data set, usually computed so as to understand trends in the data set over time.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Mozilla Firefox","answer":"MOZILLAFIREFOX","clue":"Firefox is a free, open-source web browser developed by the Mozilla Corporation.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/mozilla_firefox/index.md"},{"term":"multi-agent system","answer":"MULTIAGENTSYSTEM","clue":"Also self-organized system. A computerized system composed of multiple interacting intelligent agents.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Multi-factor authentication","answer":"MULTIFACTORAUTHENTICATION","clue":"this concept (MFA) is an authentication method in which the user has to present more than one type of evidence to a system in order to be authenticated.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/multi-factor_authentication/index.md"},{"term":"multilayer perceptron","answer":"MULTILAYERPERCEPTRON","clue":"In deep learning, a this concept (MLP) is a name for a modern feedforward neural network consisting of fully connected neurons with nonlinear activation functions, organized in layers, notable for being able to distinguish data that is not linearly separable.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Multiplicity","answer":"MULTIPLICITY","clue":"1. A specification of the number of possible occurrences of a property, or the number of allowable elements that may participate in a given relationship.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Multiply blend","answer":"MULTIPLYBLEND","clue":"A blending operation used for lightmaps,","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"multi-swarm optimization","answer":"MULTISWARMOPTIMIZATION","clue":"A variant of particle swarm optimization (PSO) based on the use of multiple sub-swarms instead of one (standard) swarm.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"multivariate random variable","answer":"MULTIVARIATERANDOMVARIABLE","clue":"A vector whose components are random variables on the same probability space.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Mutable","answer":"MUTABLE","clue":"A this concept value is one that can be changed without creating an entirely new value, in comparison with immutable values.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/mutable/index.md"},{"term":"mutation","answer":"MUTATION","clue":"A genetic operator used to maintain genetic diversity from one generation of a population of genetic algorithm chromosomes to the next.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Mutation testing","answer":"MUTATIONTESTING","clue":"Testing technique that changes program code deliberately to see whether tests detect the changes.","category":"Software delivery","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Mutex","answer":"MUTEX","clue":"Synchronization primitive that gives one execution context exclusive access at a time.","category":"Systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"mutual exclusion","answer":"MUTUALEXCLUSION","clue":"this concept is to allow only one process at a time to access the same critical section (a part of code which accesses the critical resource).","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336240793"},{"term":"mutual independence","answer":"MUTUALINDEPENDENCE","clue":"A collection of events is said to be mutually independent if for any subset of the collection, the joint probability of all events occurring is equal to the product of the joint probabilities of the individual events.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"MVC","answer":"MVC","clue":"this concept (Model-View-Controller) is a pattern in software design commonly used to implement user interfaces, data, and controlling logic.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/mvc/index.md"},{"term":"MVCC","answer":"MVCC","clue":"Concurrency-control abbreviation for keeping multiple versions of records.","category":"Databases","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"naive Bayes classifier","answer":"NAIVEBAYESCLASSIFIER","clue":"In machine learning, naive Bayes classifiers are a family of simple probabilistic classifiers based on applying Bayes' theorem with strong (naive) independence assumptions between the features.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"naive semantics","answer":"NAIVESEMANTICS","clue":"An approach used in computer science for representing basic knowledge about a specific domain, and has been used in applications such as the representation of the meaning of natural language sentences in artificial intelligence applications.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Name","answer":"NAME","clue":"The full, non abbreviated, this concept of the file system itself.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1375520183"},{"term":"name binding","answer":"NAMEBINDING","clue":"In programming languages, this concept is the association of entities (data and/or code) with identifiers.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"named-entity recognition","answer":"NAMEDENTITYRECOGNITION","clue":"Also entity identification, entity chunking, and entity extraction.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"named graph","answer":"NAMEDGRAPH","clue":"A key concept of Semantic Web architecture in which a set of Resource Description Framework statements (a graph) are identified using a URI, allowing descriptions to be made of that set of statements such as context, provenance information or other such metadata.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Named streams","answer":"NAMEDSTREAMS","clue":"Determines if the file systems supports multiple data streams.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1375520183"},{"term":"Namespace","answer":"NAMESPACE","clue":"a context in which an identifier exists.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"NaN","answer":"NAN","clue":"this concept (Not a Number) is a numeric data type that means an undefined value or value that cannot be represented, especially results of floating-point calculations.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/nan/index.md"},{"term":"NAT","answer":"NAT","clue":"this concept (Network Address Translation) is a technique for letting multiple computers share an IP address.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/nat/index.md"},{"term":"Native","answer":"NATIVE","clue":"A this concept application has been compiled to run on the hardware/software environment that comprises the targeted architecture.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/native/index.md"},{"term":"Native operating system","answer":"NATIVEOPERATINGSYSTEM","clue":"The name of the operating system in which this file system debuted.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1375520183"},{"term":"natural language generation","answer":"NATURALLANGUAGEGENERATION","clue":"A software process that transforms structured data into plain-English content.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"natural language processing","answer":"NATURALLANGUAGEPROCESSING","clue":"A subfield of linguistics, computer science, information engineering, and artificial intelligence concerned with the interactions between computers and human (natural) languages, in particular how to program computers to process and analyze large amounts of natural language data.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"natural language programming","answer":"NATURALLANGUAGEPROGRAMMING","clue":"An ontology-assisted way of programming in terms of natural-language sentences, e.g.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Navigable","answer":"NAVIGABLE","clue":"the ability for objects of a Class at one end of an Association to retrieve Objects from the other end.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Navigation directive","answer":"NAVIGATIONDIRECTIVE","clue":"CSP navigation directives are used in a Content-Security-Policy header and govern to which location a user can navigate to or submit a form to, for example.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/navigation_directive/index.md"},{"term":"Near clipping","answer":"NEARCLIPPING","clue":"The clipping of 3D rendering primitives against the near clip plane.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Netscape Navigator","answer":"NETSCAPENAVIGATOR","clue":"this concept or Netscape was a leading browser in the 1990s.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/netscape_navigator/index.md"},{"term":"network","answer":"NETWORK","clue":"A collection of computers and other devices connected by communications channels, e.g. by Ethernet or wireless networking.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"network motif","answer":"NETWORKMOTIF","clue":"All networks, including biological networks, social networks, technological networks (e.g., computer networks and electrical circuits) and more, can be represented as graphs, which include a wide variety of subgraphs.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"network on a chip","answer":"NETWORKONACHIP","clue":"A computer network on a single semiconductor chip, connecting processing elements, fixed-function hardware, or even memories and caches.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Network throttling","answer":"NETWORKTHROTTLING","clue":"this concept is an intentional slowing down of internet speed.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/network_throttling/index.md"},{"term":"neural machine translation","answer":"NEURALMACHINETRANSLATION","clue":"An approach to machine translation that uses a large artificial neural network to predict the likelihood of a sequence of words, typically modeling entire sentences in a single integrated model.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"neural network","answer":"NEURALNETWORK","clue":"A this concept can refer to either a neural circuit of biological neurons (sometimes also called a biological this concept), or a network of artificial neurons or nodes in the case of an artificial this concept.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"neural Turing machine","answer":"NEURALTURINGMACHINE","clue":"A recurrent neural network model. NTMs combine the fuzzy pattern matching capabilities of neural networks with the algorithmic power of programmable computers.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"neurocybernetics","answer":"NEUROCYBERNETICS","clue":"Also brain–computer interface (BCI), neural-control interface (NCI), mind-machine interface (MMI), direct neural interface (DNI), or brain–machine interface (BMI).","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"neuro-fuzzy","answer":"NEUROFUZZY","clue":"Combinations of artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"neuromorphic engineering","answer":"NEUROMORPHICENGINEERING","clue":"Also neuromorphic computing. A concept describing the use of very-large-scale integration (VLSI) systems containing electronic analog circuits to mimic neuro-biological architectures present in the nervous system.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"NNTP","answer":"NNTP","clue":"this concept (Network News Transfer Protocol) is a protocol used to transfer Usenet messages from client to server or between servers.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/nntp/index.md"},{"term":"node","answer":"NODE","clue":"Is a basic unit of a data structure, such as a linked list or tree data structure.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Node.js","answer":"NODEJS","clue":"this concept is a cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment that allows developers to build server-side and network applications with JavaScript.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/node.js/index.md"},{"term":"Noise","answer":"NOISE","clue":"In real world data a this concept is an unwanted distortion of the captured signal, e.g. in photography.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Nonce","answer":"NONCE","clue":"In cryptography and computer security, a this concept is an arbitrary number that is used only once in a cryptographic communication.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/nonce/index.md"},{"term":"nondeterministic algorithm","answer":"NONDETERMINISTICALGORITHM","clue":"An algorithm that, even for the same input, can exhibit different behaviors on different runs, as opposed to a deterministic algorithm.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Nonlinear management","answer":"NONLINEARMANAGEMENT","clue":"(NLM) is a superset of management techniques and strategies that allows order to emerge by giving organizations the space to self-organize, evolve and adapt, encompassing Agile, Evolutionary and Lean approaches, as well as many others.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Non-normative","answer":"NONNORMATIVE","clue":"Software specifications often contain information marked as this concept or informative, which is provided to help readers understand the specification better, or to show an example or best practice.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/non-normative/index.md"},{"term":"non-volatile memory","answer":"NONVOLATILEMEMORY","clue":"memory that can retain the stored data even when not powered, as opposed to volatile memory.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"noob","answer":"NOOB","clue":"A new or inexperienced person, someone who does not know the rules of a website, or has only recently joined.","category":"Networks & web","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1223442825"},{"term":"Normal lens","answer":"NORMALLENS","clue":"In machine vision a normal or entrocentric lens is a lens that generates images that are generally held to have a \"natural\" perspective compared with lenses with longer or shorter focal lengths.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Normal mapping","answer":"NORMALMAPPING","clue":"Method of adding detail to the surface of 3D models, without increasing geometry complexity, by using a texture with precomputed normals that are used during shading.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Normative","answer":"NORMATIVE","clue":"this concept is a word commonly used in software specifications to denote sections that are standardized and must be followed as a rule.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/normative/index.md"},{"term":"Note","answer":"NOTE","clue":"It is an explanatory part of UML models. A this concept is a symbol for rendering constraints and comments attached to an element or collection of elements.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"nouvelle AI","answer":"NOUVELLEAI","clue":"this concept differs from classical AI by aiming to produce robots with intelligence levels similar to insects.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"NP-completeness","answer":"NPCOMPLETENESS","clue":"In computational complexity theory, a problem is NP-complete when it can be solved by a restricted class of brute force search algorithms and it can be used to simulate any other problem with a similar algorithm.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"NP-hardness","answer":"NPHARDNESS","clue":"Also non-deterministic polynomial-time hardness.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Null","answer":"NULL","clue":"In computer science, a this concept value represents a reference that points, generally intentionally, to a nonexistent or invalid object or address.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/null/index.md"},{"term":"null hypothesis","answer":"NULLHYPOTHESIS","clue":"The statement being tested in a test of statistical significance; usually a statement of 'no effect' or 'no difference'.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Nullish value","answer":"NULLISHVALUE","clue":"In JavaScript, a this concept is the value which is either null or undefined.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/nullish/index.md"},{"term":"Number","answer":"NUMBER","clue":"In JavaScript, this concept is a numeric data type in the double-precision 64-bit floating point format (IEEE 754).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/number/index.md"},{"term":"number theory","answer":"NUMBERTHEORY","clue":"A branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and integer-valued functions.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"numerical analysis","answer":"NUMERICALANALYSIS","clue":"The study of algorithms that use numerical approximation (as opposed to symbolic manipulations) for the problems of mathematical analysis (as distinguished from discrete mathematics).","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"numerical method","answer":"NUMERICALMETHOD","clue":"In numerical analysis, a this concept is a mathematical tool designed to solve numerical problems.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"object","answer":"OBJECT","clue":"An this concept can be a variable, a data structure, a function, or a method, and as such, is a value in memory referenced by an identifier.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"object code","answer":"OBJECTCODE","clue":"The product of a compiler. In a general sense this concept is a sequence of statements or instructions in a computer language, usually a machine code language (i.e., binary) or an intermediate language such as register transfer language (RTL).","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Object Constraint Language","answer":"OBJECTCONSTRAINTLANGUAGE","clue":"a declarative language for describing rules and constraints that apply to UML models","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Object order rendering","answer":"OBJECTORDERRENDERING","clue":"Rendering methods that iterate over objects in the scene and draws then one by one (e.g. rasterization).","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"object-oriented programming","answer":"OBJECTORIENTEDPROGRAMMING","clue":"A programming paradigm based on the concept of \"objects\", which can contain data, in the form of fields (often known as attributes or properties), and code, in the form of procedures (often known as methods).","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Object reference","answer":"OBJECTREFERENCE","clue":"An this concept is a link to an object. Object references can be used exactly like the linked objects.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/object_reference/index.md"},{"term":"Observability","answer":"OBSERVABILITY","clue":"Ability to infer a system's internal condition from its externally available signals.","category":"Software delivery","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Occlusion culling","answer":"OCCLUSIONCULLING","clue":"Culling (discarding) of objects before rendering that are completely obscured by other objects.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Occlusion query","answer":"OCCLUSIONQUERY","clue":"A command passed to a graphics processing unit requesting the testing of bounding volume geometry against the depth buffer to determine if any contents in the potentially visible set; used for hardware accelerated occlusion culling.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"offline learning","answer":"OFFLINELEARNING","clue":"A machine learning training approach in which a model is trained on a fixed dataset that is not updated during the learning process.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"On-chip memory","answer":"ONCHIPMEMORY","clue":"This term should refer to memory that is available on-chip within a single chip (whether it be BRAM slices or SRAM slices).","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360795787"},{"term":"One time pad","answer":"ONETIMEPAD","clue":"keying material that should be as long as the plaintext and should only be used once.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"One time password","answer":"ONETIMEPASSWORD","clue":"this concept based on a prebuilt single use code list or based on a mathematical formula with a secret seed known to both parties, uses event or time to modify output (see TOTP/HOTP).","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"online machine learning","answer":"ONLINEMACHINELEARNING","clue":"A method of machine learning in which data becomes available in a sequential order and is used to update the best predictor for future data at each step, as opposed to batch learning techniques which generate the best predictor by learning on the entire training data set at once.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"ontology learning","answer":"ONTOLOGYLEARNING","clue":"Also ontology extraction, ontology generation, or ontology acquisition.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"OOBB","answer":"OOBB","clue":"An object oriented bounding box (sometimes called object aligned); a bounding box stored in some object's local coordinate system","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"OOP","answer":"OOP","clue":"this concept (Object-Oriented Programming) is an approach in programming in which data is encapsulated within objects and the object itself is operated on, rather than its component parts.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/oop/index.md"},{"term":"OpenAI","answer":"OPENAI","clue":"Organization known for developing the GPT family of language models.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"OpenCog","answer":"OPENCOG","clue":"A project that aims to build an open-source artificial intelligence framework.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"OpenGL","answer":"OPENGL","clue":"Commonly used 2D and 3D graphics rendering API.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Open Mind Common Sense","answer":"OPENMINDCOMMONSENSE","clue":"An artificial intelligence project based at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Lab whose goal is to build and utilize a large commonsense knowledge base from the contributions of many thousands of people across the Web.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"open-source software","answer":"OPENSOURCESOFTWARE","clue":"A type of computer software in which source code is released under a license in which the copyright holder grants users the rights to study, change, and distribute the software to anyone and for any purpose.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"OpenSSL","answer":"OPENSSL","clue":"this concept is an open-source implementation of TLS and SSL.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/openssl/index.md"},{"term":"Opera browser","answer":"OPERABROWSER","clue":"Opera is a free web browser that was released publicly in 1996 and was initially available only for Windows.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/opera_browser/index.md"},{"term":"Operand","answer":"OPERAND","clue":"An this concept is the part of an instruction representing the data manipulated by the operator.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/operand/index.md"},{"term":"operating system","answer":"OPERATINGSYSTEM","clue":"System software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Operation","answer":"OPERATION","clue":"the signature of a Method of a Class; consists of the this concept Name, Visibility, Parameter list, Return Type, and Property-string","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"operation code","answer":"OPERATIONCODE","clue":"Several bits in a computer program instruction that specify which operation to perform.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Operations management","answer":"OPERATIONSMANAGEMENT","clue":"is an area of business that is concerned with the production of good quality goods and services, and involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient and effective.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Operations research","answer":"OPERATIONSRESEARCH","clue":"(OR) is an interdisciplinary branch of applied mathematics and formal science that uses methods such as mathematical modeling, statistics, and algorithms to arrive at optimal or near optimal solutions to complex problems.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Operator","answer":"OPERATOR","clue":"an algorithmic feature of Interaction Frame that defines the behavior of that frame.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"optical disc drive","answer":"OPTICALDISCDRIVE","clue":"A type of disk drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic waves near the light spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from optical discs.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"optical fiber","answer":"OPTICALFIBER","clue":"A flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Optical resolution","answer":"OPTICALRESOLUTION","clue":"Describes the ability of a system to distinguish, detect, and/or record physical details by electromagnetic means.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Organization","answer":"ORGANIZATION","clue":"is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals, which controls its own performance, and which has a boundary separating it from its environment.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Organization development","answer":"ORGANIZATIONDEVELOPMENT","clue":"(OD) is a planned, structured, organization-wide effort to increase the organization's effectiveness and health.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Origin","answer":"ORIGIN","clue":"Web content's this concept is defined by the scheme (protocol), hostname (domain), and port of the URL used to access it.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/origin/index.md"},{"term":"Ornithopter","answer":"ORNITHOPTER","clue":"An aerial robot or drone that achieves flight through a flapping-wing mechanism rather than rotating blades or fixed wings, often utilized for highly maneuverable flight.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348593072"},{"term":"OTA","answer":"OTA","clue":"Over The Air (this concept) refers to automatic updating of software on connected devices from a central server.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/ota/index.md"},{"term":"Outcode","answer":"OUTCODE","clue":"A small integer holding a bit for the result of every plane test (or clip window edge test) failed in clipping.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Out-of-order patching","answer":"OUTOFORDERPATCHING","clue":"this concept refers to delivering HTML content in an order different from the sequential, top-to-bottom flow of a single document.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/out_of_order_patching/index.md"},{"term":"Overfitting","answer":"OVERFITTING","clue":"Learning training-set details so closely that performance on unseen data becomes worse.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"OWASP","answer":"OWASP","clue":"this concept (Open Web Application Security Project) is a non-profit organization and worldwide network that works for security in Free Software, especially on the Web.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/owasp/index.md"},{"term":"Package","answer":"PACKAGE","clue":"A this concept is a collection or grouping of related classes or of classes with related functionality.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Packed pixel format","answer":"PACKEDPIXELFORMAT","clue":"An image format where the image channels are interleaved contiguously in memory, possibly containing multiple channels within single machine words, equivalent to an array of structures for bitmap data.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Packet","answer":"PACKET","clue":"A this concept, or network this concept, is a formatted chunk of data sent over a network.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/packet/index.md"},{"term":"Page load time","answer":"PAGELOADTIME","clue":"this concept is the time it takes for a page to load, measured from navigation start to the start of the load event.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/page_load_time/index.md"},{"term":"Page prediction","answer":"PAGEPREDICTION","clue":"this concept is a browser feature or script which, when enabled, tells the browser to download resources the user is likely to visit before the user requests the content.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/page_prediction/index.md"},{"term":"pair programming","answer":"PAIRPROGRAMMING","clue":"An agile software development technique in which two programmers work together at one workstation.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"pairwise independence","answer":"PAIRWISEINDEPENDENCE","clue":"A set of random variables, any two of which are independent.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Paper key","answer":"PAPERKEY","clue":"(NSA) keys that are distributed in paper form, such as printed lists of settings for rotor machines, or keys in punched card or paper tape formats.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Parallax mapping","answer":"PARALLAXMAPPING","clue":"Shader effect that adds detail with a sense of depth to a 3D surface, in a more realistic way than normal mapping.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"parallel computing","answer":"PARALLELCOMPUTING","clue":"A type of computation in which many calculations or the execution of processes are carried out simultaneously.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"parameter","answer":"PARAMETER","clue":"In computer programming, a special kind of variable, used in a subroutine to refer to one of the pieces of data provided as input to the subroutine.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Parameter gradient","answer":"PARAMETERGRADIENT","clue":"The derivative of a vertex attribute with respect to screen space coordinates during rasterization, used for interpolation across a rendering primitive surface.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Parent object","answer":"PARENTOBJECT","clue":"The object to which a given property or method belongs.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/parent_object/index.md"},{"term":"Parse","answer":"PARSE","clue":"Parsing means analyzing and converting a program into an internal format that a runtime environment can actually run, for example the JavaScript engine inside browsers.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/parse/index.md"},{"term":"Parser","answer":"PARSER","clue":"A this concept is the module of a compiler or interpreter that parses a source code file.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/parser/index.md"},{"term":"partial order reduction","answer":"PARTIALORDERREDUCTION","clue":"A technique for reducing the size of the state-space to be searched by a model checking or automated planning and scheduling algorithm.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Particle effect","answer":"PARTICLEEFFECT","clue":"Effects consisting of a number of particles that behave by certain rules, typically used to simulate fire, smoke etc.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"particle swarm optimization","answer":"PARTICLESWARMOPTIMIZATION","clue":"A computational method that optimizes a problem by iteratively trying to improve a candidate solution with regard to a given measure of quality.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Partition","answer":"PARTITION","clue":"section of an Activity diagram or Sequence diagram occupied by a single Class or Object","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Partition identificator","answer":"PARTITIONIDENTIFICATOR","clue":"The partitioning scheme and marker used to identify that a partition is formatted to this file system.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1375520183"},{"term":"pathfinding","answer":"PATHFINDING","clue":"Also pathing.The plotting, by a computer application, of the shortest route between two points.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Path tracing","answer":"PATHTRACING","clue":"Photorealistic iterative rendering method based on tracing light paths.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"pattern recognition","answer":"PATTERNRECOGNITION","clue":"Concerned with the automatic discovery of regularities in data through the use of computer algorithms and with the use of these regularities to take actions such as classifying the data into different categories.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Paxos","answer":"PAXOS","clue":"Family of consensus protocols associated with Leslie Lamport and intersecting majorities.","category":"Distributed systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Payload body","answer":"PAYLOADBODY","clue":"In HTTP messages, the this concept or payload was the resource representation transferred in a message body, stripped of any transfer encoding.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/payload_body/index.md"},{"term":"Payload header","answer":"PAYLOADHEADER","clue":"A this concept is an HTTP header that describes the payload information related to safe transport and reconstruction of the original resource representation, from one or more messages.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/payload_header/index.md"},{"term":"PCI Express","answer":"PCIEXPRESS","clue":"An expansion bus standard designed to replace the older PCI, PCI-X, and AGP bus standards.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"PCI-eXtended","answer":"PCIEXTENDED","clue":"An expansion bus and expansion card standard that enhances the 32-bit PCI Local Bus for higher bandwidth demanded by servers.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"PDCA","answer":"PDCA","clue":"(plan–do–check–act or plan–do–check–adjust) is an iterative design and management method used in business for the control and continual improvement of processes and products.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"PDF","answer":"PDF","clue":"this concept (Portable Document Format) is a file format used to share documentation without depending on any particular software implementation, hardware platform, or operating system.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/pdf/index.md"},{"term":"pen drive","answer":"PENDRIVE","clue":"Another name for a USB flash drive.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"pentest","answer":"PENTEST","clue":"Another name for a penetration test.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Perceived performance","answer":"PERCEIVEDPERFORMANCE","clue":"this concept is a measure of how fast, responsive, and reliable a website feels to its users.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/perceived_performance/index.md"},{"term":"Percent-encoding","answer":"PERCENTENCODING","clue":"this concept is a mechanism to encode 8-bit characters that have specific meaning in the context of URLs.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/percent-encoding/index.md"},{"term":"perceptron","answer":"PERCEPTRON","clue":"An algorithm for supervised learning of binary classifiers.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Per-file compression","answer":"PERFILECOMPRESSION","clue":"Does the file system support real-time transparent compression and decompression of individual files.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1375520183"},{"term":"Per-file encryption","answer":"PERFILEENCRYPTION","clue":"Does the file system support real-time transparent encryption and decryption of individual files.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1375520183"},{"term":"peripheral","answer":"PERIPHERAL","clue":"Any auxiliary or ancillary device connected to or integrated within a computer system and used to send information to or retrieve information from the computer.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"personal computer","answer":"PERSONALCOMPUTER","clue":"Any general-purpose computer whose size, capabilities, and original sales price make it useful for individuals, and which is intended to be operated directly by an end user, with no intervening computer operator.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Per-volume compression","answer":"PERVOLUMECOMPRESSION","clue":"Does the file system support real-time transparent compression and decompression of an entire volume.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1375520183"},{"term":"Per-volume encryption","answer":"PERVOLUMEENCRYPTION","clue":"Does the file system support real-time transparent encryption and decryption of an entire volume.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1375520183"},{"term":"Phantom read","answer":"PHANTOMREAD","clue":"An anomaly in which repeating a range query reveals a changed set of matching rows.","category":"Databases","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"phishing","answer":"PHISHING","clue":"The act of attempting to obtain private or sensitive information such as user names, passwords and credit card information through the use of fake emails from trustworthy sites.","category":"Networks & web","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1223442825"},{"term":"Phong lighting","answer":"PHONGLIGHTING","clue":"A commonly used model of local illumination that computes the result as a sum of ambient, diffuse and specular elements of light.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Phong shading","answer":"PHONGSHADING","clue":"Shading technique that uses interpolated normals.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Photogrammetry","answer":"PHOTOGRAMMETRY","clue":"Science and technology of making measurement from photographs, e.g. automatically creating 3D models of environment.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Photometry","answer":"PHOTOMETRY","clue":"Science of measuring light in terms of human perception.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Photon mapping","answer":"PHOTONMAPPING","clue":"Photorealistic rendering algorithm based on tracing rays from the camera as well as light sources, able to simulate effects such as caustics.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"PHP","answer":"PHP","clue":"this concept Hypertext Preprocessor, the coding language to create interactive web pages and so forth.","category":"Networks & web","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1223442825"},{"term":"Physically based rendering","answer":"PHYSICALLYBASEDRENDERING","clue":"Rendering algorithms based on physics simulation of light, including conservation of energy, empirical models of surfaces.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Physical properties","answer":"PHYSICALPROPERTIES","clue":"CSS this concept define positions based on physical directions or element sides.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/physical_properties/index.md"},{"term":"Pixel","answer":"PIXEL","clue":"Smallest element of a raster image.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Pixelation","answer":"PIXELATION","clue":"In computer graphics, this concept is an effect caused by displaying a bitmap or a section of a bitmap at such a large size that individual pixels, small single-colored square display elements that comprise the bitmap, are visible.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Place and route","answer":"PLACEANDROUTE","clue":"Process of converting a netlist into physically mapped and placed components on the FPGA or rDPA, ending in the creation of a bitstream.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360795787"},{"term":"Placeholder names","answer":"PLACEHOLDERNAMES","clue":"this concept are commonly used in cryptography to indicate the participants in a conversation, without resorting to terminology such as \"Party A,\" \"eavesdropper,\" and \"malicious attacker.\"","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/placeholder_names/index.md"},{"term":"Plaintext","answer":"PLAINTEXT","clue":"this concept refers to information that is being used as an input to an encryption algorithm, or to ciphertext that has been decrypted.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/plaintext/index.md"},{"term":"Planar image format","answer":"PLANARIMAGEFORMAT","clue":"An image format where the image channels (or even bits) for a single pixel is separated into several parallel arrays, equivalent to a structure of arrays for bitmap data.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Planning","answer":"PLANNING","clue":"in organizations and public policy is both the organizational process of creating and maintaining a plan; and the psychological process of thinking about the activities required to create a desired goal on some scale.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Plugin","answer":"PLUGIN","clue":"A browser this concept is a software component that users can install to handle content that the browser can't support natively.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/plugin/index.md"},{"term":"PNG","answer":"PNG","clue":"this concept (Portable Network Graphics) is a graphics file format that supports lossless data compression.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/png/index.md"},{"term":"Poem key","answer":"POEMKEY","clue":"Keys used by OSS agents in World War II in the form of a poem that was easy to remember.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Point cloud","answer":"POINTCLOUD","clue":"A surface defined by a collection of vertices without connectivity information.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"pointer","answer":"POINTER","clue":"Is an object in many programming languages that stores a memory address.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Point sprite","answer":"POINTSPRITE","clue":"A rendering primitive in 3D graphics pipelines, allowing one vertex plus radius to define a billboard; corner vertices are automatically generated.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Polyfill","answer":"POLYFILL","clue":"A this concept is a piece of code (usually JavaScript on the Web) used to provide modern functionality on older browsers that do not natively support it.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/polyfill/index.md"},{"term":"Polygon mesh","answer":"POLYGONMESH","clue":"A 3D model consisting of vertices connected by polygon primitives.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Polygon primitive","answer":"POLYGONPRIMITIVE","clue":"A rendering or modelling primitive defining a flat surface connecting 3 or more vertices.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Polymorphism","answer":"POLYMORPHISM","clue":"the ability of Objects belonging to different Classes to respond to Operations of the same name, each one according to the right Class-specific behaviour","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Port","answer":"PORT","clue":"For a computer connected to a network with an IP address, a this concept is a communication endpoint.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/port/index.md"},{"term":"Portal","answer":"PORTAL","clue":"A means of occlusion culling, defining a visible window between adjacent bounding volumes, used in this concept rendering.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Portfolio","answer":"PORTFOLIO","clue":"in finance is an appropriate mix of or collection of investments held by an institution or a private individual.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"postcondition","answer":"POSTCONDITION","clue":"In computer programming, a condition or predicate that must always be true just after the execution of some section of code or after an operation in a formal specification.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"posterior probability","answer":"POSTERIORPROBABILITY","clue":"The result of a Bayesian analysis that encapsulates the combination of prior beliefs or information (the prior probability) with observed data.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Postmortem documentation","answer":"POSTMORTEMDOCUMENTATION","clue":"A project post-mortem is a process used to identify the causes of a project failure (or significant business-impairing downtime), and how to prevent them in the future.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Post processing","answer":"POSTPROCESSING","clue":"Effects applied to a bitmap image in screen space after 3D rendering pipeline, for example tone mapping, some approximations to motion blur, and blooms.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"power supply","answer":"POWERSUPPLY","clue":"A unit of the computer that converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC for the power of all the computer components.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"power supply unit","answer":"POWERSUPPLYUNIT","clue":"Converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a computer.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Precision","answer":"PRECISION","clue":"Fraction of predicted positives that are actually positive.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"precondition","answer":"PRECONDITION","clue":"In computer programming, a condition or predicate that must always be true just prior to the execution of some section of code or before an operation in a formal specification.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Predicated rendering","answer":"PREDICATEDRENDERING","clue":"A feature facilitating occlusion culling within a graphics pipeline, performed by a command list asynchronously form the CPU, where a group of rendering commands are flagged to be conditional on the result of an earlier occlusion query.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"predicate logic","answer":"PREDICATELOGIC","clue":"Also first-order logic, this concept, and first-order predicate calculus.A collection of formal systems used in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"predictive analytics","answer":"PREDICTIVEANALYTICS","clue":"A variety of statistical techniques from data mining, predictive modelling, and machine learning, that analyze current and historical facts to make predictions about future or otherwise unknown events.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"prefetch","answer":"PREFETCH","clue":"The process of pre-loading instructions or data into a cache ahead of time, either under manual control via this concept instructions or automatically by a this concept unit which may use runtime heuristics to predict the future memory access pattern.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"prefetching","answer":"PREFETCHING","clue":"The pre-loading of instructions or data before either is needed by dedicated cache control instructions or predictive hardware, to mitigate latency.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Preflight request","answer":"PREFLIGHTREQUEST","clue":"A CORS this concept is a CORS request that checks to see if the CORS protocol is understood and a server is aware using specific methods and headers.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/preflight_request/index.md"},{"term":"Pre-mortem","answer":"PREMORTEM","clue":"A this concept, or premortem, is a managerial strategy in which a project team imagines that a project or organization has failed, and then works backward to determine what potentially could lead to the failure of the project or organization.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Pre-placed key","answer":"PREPLACEDKEY","clue":"(NSA) large numbers of keys (perhaps a year's supply) that are loaded into an encryption device allowing frequent key change without refill.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Prerender","answer":"PRERENDER","clue":"Prerendering refers to the practice of speculatively prefetching and rendering pages that the user is likely to navigate to in the near future (the browser renders the page in the background in what is effectively an invisible separate tab).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/prerender/index.md"},{"term":"Presto","answer":"PRESTO","clue":"this concept was the proprietary browser layout engine used to power the Opera browser until version 15.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/presto/index.md"},{"term":"primary storage","answer":"PRIMARYSTORAGE","clue":"(Also known as main memory, internal memory or prime memory), often referred to simply as memory, is the only one directly accessible to the CPU.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Prime lens","answer":"PRIMELENS","clue":"Mechanical assembly of lenses whose focal length is fixed, as opposed to a zoom lens, which has a variable focal length.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Primitive","answer":"PRIMITIVE","clue":"A basic unit of geometry for rendering or modelling.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"principal component analysis","answer":"PRINCIPALCOMPONENTANALYSIS","clue":"A statistical procedure that uses an orthogonal transformation to convert a set of observations of possibly correlated variables (entities each of which takes on various numerical values) into a set of values of linearly uncorrelated variables called principal components.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Principle of least privilege","answer":"PRINCIPLEOFLEASTPRIVILEGE","clue":"The this concept is a design consideration in computer security, according to which entities (including users, system processes, or programs) should be granted the minimum amount of access that they need in order to do their jobs.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/principle_of_least_privilege/index.md"},{"term":"principle of rationality","answer":"PRINCIPLEOFRATIONALITY","clue":"Also rationality principle.A principle coined by Karl R.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"printer","answer":"PRINTER","clue":"A peripheral which produces a text or graphics of documents stored in electronic form, usually on physical print media such as paper or transparencies.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"priority queue","answer":"PRIORITYQUEUE","clue":"An abstract data type which is like a regular queue or stack data structure, but where additionally each element has a \"priority\" associated with it.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"prior probability","answer":"PRIORPROBABILITY","clue":"In Bayesian inference, prior beliefs or other information that is available before new data or observations are taken into account.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Privileged","answer":"PRIVILEGED","clue":"Users are said to be this concept when they are granted additional rights to a system, or given ultimate access to content in a higher priority level when compared to normal users.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/privileged/index.md"},{"term":"Privileged code","answer":"PRIVILEGEDCODE","clue":"this concept - JavaScript code of your extension.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/privileged_code/index.md"},{"term":"Proactor pattern","answer":"PROACTORPATTERN","clue":"Asynchronous design pattern that dispatches completion notifications after an operation finishes.","category":"Software design","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"probabilistic programming","answer":"PROBABILISTICPROGRAMMING","clue":"A programming paradigm in which probabilistic models are specified and inference for these models is performed automatically.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"probability density","answer":"PROBABILITYDENSITY","clue":"The probability in a continuous probability distribution.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"probability density function","answer":"PROBABILITYDENSITYFUNCTION","clue":"The probability distribution for a continuous random variable.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"probability distribution","answer":"PROBABILITYDISTRIBUTION","clue":"A function that gives the probability of all elements in a given space; see List of probability distributions.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"probability measure","answer":"PROBABILITYMEASURE","clue":"The probability of events in a probability space.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"probability space","answer":"PROBABILITYSPACE","clue":"A sample space over which a probability measure has been defined.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Procedural generation","answer":"PROCEDURALGENERATION","clue":"Generating data, such as textures, 3D geometry or whole scenes by algorithms (as opposed to manually).","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Procedural texture","answer":"PROCEDURALTEXTURE","clue":"A texture (very often a volume texture) generated procedurally by a mathematical function and with the use of noise functions.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"procedure","answer":"PROCEDURE","clue":"In computer programming, a subroutine is a sequence of program instructions that performs a specific task, packaged as a unit.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Process","answer":"PROCESS","clue":"is an ongoing collection of activities, with an inputs, outputs and the energy required to transform inputs to outputs.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Process management","answer":"PROCESSMANAGEMENT","clue":"is the ensemble of activities of planning and monitoring the performance of a process, especially in the sense of business process, often confused with reengineering.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"process node","answer":"PROCESSNODE","clue":"Refers to a level of semiconductor manufacturing technology, one of several successive transistor shrinks.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"processor node","answer":"PROCESSORNODE","clue":"A processor in a multiprocessor system or cluster, connected by dedicated communication channels or a network.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Product breakdown structure","answer":"PRODUCTBREAKDOWNSTRUCTURE","clue":"(PBS) in project management is an exhaustive, hierarchical tree structure of components that make up an item, arranged in whole-part relationship.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Product description","answer":"PRODUCTDESCRIPTION","clue":"in project management is a structured format of presenting information about a project product","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"production system","answer":"PRODUCTIONSYSTEM","clue":"A computer program typically used to provide some form of AI, which consists primarily of a set of rules about behavior, but also includes the mechanism necessary to follow those rules as the system responds to states of the world.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Profile","answer":"PROFILE","clue":"Provides a generic extension mechanism for building UML models.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"program lifecycle phase","answer":"PROGRAMLIFECYCLEPHASE","clue":"Program lifecycle phases are the stages a computer program undergoes, from initial creation to deployment and execution.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"programmable read-only memory","answer":"PROGRAMMABLEREADONLYMEMORY","clue":"A type of non-volatile memory chip that may be programmed after the device is constructed.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Program management","answer":"PROGRAMMANAGEMENT","clue":"is the process of managing multiple ongoing inter-dependent projects.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"programmer","answer":"PROGRAMMER","clue":"Any electronic equipment that arranges written software to configure programmable non-volatile integrated circuits (called programmable devices) such as EPROMs, EEPROMs, Flashes, eMMC, MRAM, FRAM, NV RAM, PALs, FPGAs or programmable logic circuits.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"programming language","answer":"PROGRAMMINGLANGUAGE","clue":"A formal language, which comprises a set of instructions that produce various kinds of output.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"programming language theory","answer":"PROGRAMMINGLANGUAGETHEORY","clue":"(PLT) is a branch of computer science that deals with the design, implementation, analysis, characterization, and classification of programming languages and of their individual features.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Progressive enhancement","answer":"PROGRESSIVEENHANCEMENT","clue":"this concept is a design philosophy that provides a baseline of essential content and functionality to as many users as possible, while delivering the best possible experience only to users of the most modern browsers that can run all the required code.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/progressive_enhancement/index.md"},{"term":"Progressive web applications","answer":"PROGRESSIVEWEBAPPLICATIONS","clue":"this concept (PWAs) are applications that are built using web platform technologies, but that provide a user experience like that of a platform-specific app.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/progressive_web_apps/index.md"},{"term":"Project","answer":"PROJECT","clue":"A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Project accounting","answer":"PROJECTACCOUNTING","clue":"Is the practice of creating financial reports specifically designed to track the financial progress of projects, which can then be used by managers to aid project management.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Project charter","answer":"PROJECTCHARTER","clue":"is a statement of the scope, objectives, and participants in a project.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Project cost management","answer":"PROJECTCOSTMANAGEMENT","clue":"A method of managing a project in real-time from the estimating stage to project control; through the use of technology cost, schedule and productivity is monitored.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Project management","answer":"PROJECTMANAGEMENT","clue":"The complete set of tasks, techniques, tools applied during project execution'.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Project management office","answer":"PROJECTMANAGEMENTOFFICE","clue":"The this concept in a business or professional enterprise is the department or group that defines and maintains the standards of process, generally related to project management, within the organization.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Project management process","answer":"PROJECTMANAGEMENTPROCESS","clue":"is the management process of planning and controlling the performance or execution of a project.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Project management software","answer":"PROJECTMANAGEMENTSOFTWARE","clue":"is a type of software, including scheduling, cost control and budget management, resource allocation, collaboration software, communication, quality management and documentation or administration systems, which are used to deal with the complexity of large projects.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Project management triangle","answer":"PROJECTMANAGEMENTTRIANGLE","clue":"is a model of the constraints of project management.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Project manager","answer":"PROJECTMANAGER","clue":"professional in the field of project management.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Project network","answer":"PROJECTNETWORK","clue":"is a graph (flow chart) depicting the sequence in which a project's terminal elements are to be completed by showing terminal elements and their dependencies.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Project plan","answer":"PROJECTPLAN","clue":"is a formal, approved document used to guide both project execution and project control.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Project planning","answer":"PROJECTPLANNING","clue":"is part of project management, which relates to the use of schedules such as Gantt charts to plan and subsequently report progress within the project environment.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Project stakeholders","answer":"PROJECTSTAKEHOLDERS","clue":"are those entities within or without an organization which sponsor a project or, have an interest or a gain upon a successful completion of a project.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Project team","answer":"PROJECTTEAM","clue":"is the management team leading the project, and provide services to the project.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Prolog","answer":"PROLOG","clue":"Is a logic programming language associated with artificial intelligence and computational linguistics.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Promise","answer":"PROMISE","clue":"A this concept is an object that's returned by a function that has not yet completed its work.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/promise/index.md"},{"term":"Prompt injection","answer":"PROMPTINJECTION","clue":"Attack that places instructions in untrusted content to redirect a model's intended behaviour.","category":"Security","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Property","answer":"PROPERTY","clue":"The term this concept can have several meanings depending on the context.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/property/index.md"},{"term":"Property based testing","answer":"PROPERTYBASEDTESTING","clue":"Testing approach that generates inputs to check general invariants rather than only fixed examples.","category":"Software delivery","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Proport","answer":"PROPORT","clue":"refers to the combination of the unique skills of an organisation's members for collective advantage.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"propositional calculus","answer":"PROPOSITIONALCALCULUS","clue":"Also propositional logic, statement logic, sentential calculus, sentential logic, and zeroth-order logic.A branch of logic which deals with propositions (which can be true or false) and argument flow.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Protocol","answer":"PROTOCOL","clue":"A this concept is a system of rules that define how data is exchanged within or between computers.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/protocol/index.md"},{"term":"Prototype","answer":"PROTOTYPE","clue":"A this concept is a model that displays the appearance and behavior of an application or product early in the development lifecycle.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/prototype/index.md"},{"term":"Prototype-based programming","answer":"PROTOTYPEBASEDPROGRAMMING","clue":"this concept is a style of object-oriented programming in which classes are not explicitly defined, but rather derived by adding properties and methods to an instance of another class or, less frequently, adding them to an empty object.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/prototype-based_programming/index.md"},{"term":"proximal policy optimization","answer":"PROXIMALPOLICYOPTIMIZATION","clue":"A reinforcement learning algorithm for training an intelligent agent's decision function to accomplish difficult tasks.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Proxy server","answer":"PROXYSERVER","clue":"A this concept is an intermediate program or computer used when navigating through different networks of the Internet.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/proxy_server/index.md"},{"term":"Pseudo-class","answer":"PSEUDOCLASS","clue":"In CSS, a this concept selector targets elements depending on their state rather than on information from the document tree.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/pseudo-class/index.md"},{"term":"Pseudocode","answer":"PSEUDOCODE","clue":"this concept refers to code-like syntax that is generally used to indicate to humans how some code syntax works, or illustrate the design of an item of code architecture.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/pseudocode/index.md"},{"term":"Pseudo-element","answer":"PSEUDOELEMENT","clue":"In CSS, a this concept selector applies styles to parts of your document content in scenarios where there isn't a specific HTML element to select.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/pseudo-element/index.md"},{"term":"Public-key cryptography","answer":"PUBLICKEYCRYPTOGRAPHY","clue":"this concept — or asymmetric cryptography — is a cryptographic system in which keys come in pairs.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/public-key_cryptography/index.md"},{"term":"Public key infrastructure","answer":"PUBLICKEYINFRASTRUCTURE","clue":"(PKI) a set of roles, policies, hardware, software and procedures needed to create, manage, distribute, use, store and revoke digital certificates and manage public-key encryption.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Public/private key","answer":"PUBLICPRIVATEKEY","clue":"in public key cryptography, separate keys are used to encrypt and decrypt a message.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Python","answer":"PYTHON","clue":"Is an interpreted, high-level and general-purpose programming language.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"PyTorch","answer":"PYTORCH","clue":"A machine learning library based on the Torch library, used for applications such as computer vision and natural language processing, originally developed by Meta AI and now part of the Linux Foundation umbrella.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Q-Factor","answer":"QFACTOR","clue":"In optics, the Q factor of a resonant cavity is given by","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Q-learning","answer":"QLEARNING","clue":"A model-free reinforcement learning algorithm for learning the value of an action in a particular state.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"qualification problem","answer":"QUALIFICATIONPROBLEM","clue":"In philosophy and artificial intelligence (especially knowledge-based systems), the this concept is concerned with the impossibility of listing all of the preconditions required for a real-world action to have its intended effect.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Qualified association","answer":"QUALIFIEDASSOCIATION","clue":"tightens the multiplicity or role of an association between 2 classes by dividing the set of objects into subsets based on a value of the qualifier—an attribute of the target objects, association objects, or some a derived attribute of the target or association objects.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Quality","answer":"QUALITY","clue":"can mean a high degree of excellence (\"a this concept product\"), a degree of excellence or the lack of it (\"work of average this concept\"), or a property of something (\"the addictive this concept of alcohol\").","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Quality values","answer":"QUALITYVALUES","clue":"this concept, or q-values and q-factors, are used to describe the order of priority of values in a comma-separated list.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/quality_values/index.md"},{"term":"quantifier","answer":"QUANTIFIER","clue":"In logic, quantification specifies the quantity of specimens in the domain of discourse that satisfy an open formula.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"quantile","answer":"QUANTILE","clue":"A particular point or value at which the range of a probability distribution is divided into continuous intervals with equal probabilities, or at which the observations in a sample are divided in the same way.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Quantization","answer":"QUANTIZATION","clue":"Representing model values with fewer bits to reduce storage or computation costs.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Quantum algorithm","answer":"QUANTUMALGORITHM","clue":"is an algorithm which runs on a realistic model of quantum computation, the most commonly used model being the quantum circuit model of computation.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368754231"},{"term":"quantum computing","answer":"QUANTUMCOMPUTING","clue":"The use of quantum-mechanical phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to perform computation.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Quantum error correction","answer":"QUANTUMERRORCORRECTION","clue":"(QEC), is used in quantum computing to protect quantum information from errors due to decoherence and other quantum noise.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368754231"},{"term":"Quantum image processing","answer":"QUANTUMIMAGEPROCESSING","clue":"(QIMP), is using quantum computing or quantum information processing to create and work with quantum images.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368754231"},{"term":"Quantum programming","answer":"QUANTUMPROGRAMMING","clue":"is the process of assembling sequences of instructions, called quantum programs, that are capable of running on a quantum computer.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368754231"},{"term":"Quantum simulator","answer":"QUANTUMSIMULATOR","clue":"Quantum simulators permit the study of quantum system in a programmable fashion.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368754231"},{"term":"Quantum state discrimination","answer":"QUANTUMSTATEDISCRIMINATION","clue":"In quantum information science, this concept refers to the task of inferring the quantum state that produced the observed measurement probabilities.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368754231"},{"term":"Quantum supremacy","answer":"QUANTUMSUPREMACY","clue":"or quantum advantage, is the goal of demonstrating that a programmable quantum device can solve a problem that no classical computer can solve in any feasible amount of time (irrespective of the usefulness of the problem).","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368754231"},{"term":"Quantum Turing machine","answer":"QUANTUMTURINGMACHINE","clue":"(QTM), or universal quantum computer, is an abstract machine used to model the effects of a quantum computer.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368754231"},{"term":"Quantum volume","answer":"QUANTUMVOLUME","clue":"is a metric that measures the capabilities and error rates of a quantum computer.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368754231"},{"term":"quartile","answer":"QUARTILE","clue":"A type of quantile which divides a range of data points into four groups, termed quarters, of equal size.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Quaternion","answer":"QUATERNION","clue":"A means of representing rotations in a 4D vector, useful for skeletal animation, with advantages for interpolation compared to euler angles (i.e. not suffering from gimbal lock).","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Qubit","answer":"QUBIT","clue":"A this concept (/ˈkjuːbɪt/) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information—the quantum version of the classic binary bit physically realized with a two-state device.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368754231"},{"term":"query language","answer":"QUERYLANGUAGE","clue":"Query languages or data query languages (DQLs) are computer languages used to make queries in databases and information systems.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"QUIC","answer":"QUIC","clue":"this concept is a multiplexed transport protocol implemented on UDP.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/quic/index.md"},{"term":"quicksort","answer":"QUICKSORT","clue":"An efficient sorting algorithm which serves as a systematic method for placing the elements of a random access file or an array in order.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Quil","answer":"QUIL","clue":"is a quantum instruction set architecture that first introduced a shared quantum/classical memory model.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368754231"},{"term":"Quorum","answer":"QUORUM","clue":"Minimum set of replicas whose agreement is required to complete an operation.","category":"Distributed systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Qutrit","answer":"QUTRIT","clue":"(or quantum trit), is a unit of quantum information that is realized by a 3-level quantum system, that may be in a superposition of three mutually orthogonal quantum states.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368754231"},{"term":"radial basis function network","answer":"RADIALBASISFUNCTIONNETWORK","clue":"In the field of mathematical modeling, a this concept is an artificial neural network that uses radial basis functions as activation functions.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Radiometry","answer":"RADIOMETRY","clue":"Measurement of electromagnetic radiation such as light, defining measures such as flux or radiance.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"radix","answer":"RADIX","clue":"In digital numeral systems, the number of unique digits, including the digit zero, used to represent numbers in a positional numeral system.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Raft","answer":"RAFT","clue":"Consensus algorithm that elects a leader and replicates a log across a cluster.","category":"Distributed systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"RAG","answer":"RAG","clue":"Abbreviation for augmenting model generation with information retrieved from an external collection.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"RAIL","answer":"RAIL","clue":"this concept, an acronym for Response, Animation, Idle, and Load, is a performance model originated by the Google Chrome team in 2015, focused on user experience and performance within the browser.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/rail/index.md"},{"term":"random-access memory","answer":"RANDOMACCESSMEMORY","clue":"A type of computer data storage that allows data items to be accessed (read or written) in almost the same amount of time irrespective of the physical location of data inside the memory.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Random Number Generator","answer":"RANDOMNUMBERGENERATOR","clue":"A PRNG (pseudorandom number generator) is an algorithm that outputs numbers in a complex, seemingly unpredictable pattern.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/rng/index.md"},{"term":"random variable","answer":"RANDOMVARIABLE","clue":"A measurable function on a probability space, often real-valued.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"range","answer":"RANGE","clue":"The length of the smallest interval which contains all of the data in a dataset, calculated as the arithmetic difference between the largest and smallest values contained in the dataset and expressed in the same units used for the data.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Raster graphics","answer":"RASTERGRAPHICS","clue":"Graphics represented as a rectangular grid of pixels.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Raster image","answer":"RASTERIMAGE","clue":"A this concept is an image file defined as a grid of pixels.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/raster_image/index.md"},{"term":"Rasterization","answer":"RASTERIZATION","clue":"Converting vector graphics to raster graphics.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Rate limit","answer":"RATELIMIT","clue":"In computing, especially in networking, rate limiting means controlling how many operations can be performed in a given amount of time, usually to avoid overloading the system and causing performance degradation.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/rate_limit/index.md"},{"term":"Ray casting","answer":"RAYCASTING","clue":"Rendering by casting non-recursive rays from the camera into the scene.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Ray marching","answer":"RAYMARCHING","clue":"Sampling 3D space at multiple points along a ray, typically used when analytical methods cannot be used.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Ray tracing","answer":"RAYTRACING","clue":"Recursively tracing paths of light rays through a 3D scene, may be used for 3D rendering (more commonly for offline rendering), or other tests.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"RDF","answer":"RDF","clue":"this concept (Resource Description Framework) is a language developed by W3C for representing information on the World Wide Web, such as Webpages.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/rdf/index.md"},{"term":"Reactor pattern","answer":"REACTORPATTERN","clue":"Event-handling architecture that dispatches readiness notifications to registered handlers.","category":"Software design","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Reading order","answer":"READINGORDER","clue":"this concept refers to the order in which content is accessed, for example when read out by a screen reader, or navigated to using sequential navigation methods such as tabbing through links or buttons.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/reading_order/index.md"},{"term":"read-only memory","answer":"READONLYMEMORY","clue":"A type of memory chip that retains its data when its power supply is switched off.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Read repair","answer":"READREPAIR","clue":"Repairing stale replicas as a side effect of serving a read.","category":"Distributed systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Realization","answer":"REALIZATION","clue":"this concept shows the relationship between an Interface and the class that provides the implementation for the interface.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Real User Monitoring","answer":"REALUSERMONITORING","clue":"this concept (RUM) measures the performance of a page from real users' machines.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/real_user_monitoring/index.md"},{"term":"reasoning engine","answer":"REASONINGENGINE","clue":"Another name for semantic reasoner.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"reasoning model","answer":"REASONINGMODEL","clue":"Also known as a reasoning language model (RLM) or large this concept (LRM).","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"reasoning system","answer":"REASONINGSYSTEM","clue":"In information technology a this concept is a software system that generates conclusions from available knowledge using logical techniques such as deduction and induction.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Recall","answer":"RECALL","clue":"Fraction of actual positives that the model successfully identifies.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Reconfigurable computer","answer":"RECONFIGURABLECOMPUTER","clue":"An Estrin architecture this concept typically pairs a conventional microprocessor host computer with a reconfigurable co-processor, such as an FPGA or rDPA board.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360795787"},{"term":"Reconfigurable computing","answer":"RECONFIGURABLECOMPUTING","clue":"A computing paradigm employing reconfigurable devices such as FPGAs or rDPAs to process data.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360795787"},{"term":"Reconfigurable device","answer":"RECONFIGURABLEDEVICE","clue":"FPGAs, rDPAs, and any other device whose functionality can be changed during execution.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360795787"},{"term":"Reconfiguration","answer":"RECONFIGURATION","clue":"Configuration, programming, re-programming (also see configware).","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360795787"},{"term":"record","answer":"RECORD","clue":"A this concept (also called a structure, struct, or compound data) is a basic data structure.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"recurrent neural network","answer":"RECURRENTNEURALNETWORK","clue":"A class of artificial neural networks where connections between nodes form a directed graph along a temporal sequence.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"recursion","answer":"RECURSION","clue":"Occurs when a thing is defined in terms of itself or of its type.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"recursive self-improvement","answer":"RECURSIVESELFIMPROVEMENT","clue":"Process in which early artificial general intelligence (AGI) systems rewrite their own computer code, causing an intelligence explosion resulting from enhancing their own capabilities and intellectual capacity, theoretically resulting in superintelligence.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Recursive subdivision","answer":"RECURSIVESUBDIVISION","clue":"The process of subdividing an object (either geometric object, or a data structure) recursively until some criterion is met.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Redditor","answer":"REDDITOR","clue":"A person who scours the Internet for media and posts the findings on the Reddit website.","category":"Networks & web","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1223442825"},{"term":"RED key","answer":"REDKEY","clue":"(NSA) symmetric key in a format that can be easily copied, e.g. paper key or unencrypted electronic key.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Reengineering","answer":"REENGINEERING","clue":"is radical redesign of an organization's processes, especially its business processes.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"reference","answer":"REFERENCE","clue":"Is a value that enables a program to indirectly access a particular datum, such as a variable's value or a record, in the computer's memory or in some other storage device.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"reference counting","answer":"REFERENCECOUNTING","clue":"A programming technique of storing the number of references, pointers, or handles to a resource, such as an object, a block of memory, disk space, and others.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Reflow","answer":"REFLOW","clue":"this concept happens when a browser recalculates the position and geometry of certain parts of a webpage, such as after an update on an interactive site.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/reflow/index.md"},{"term":"Region of interest","answer":"REGIONOFINTEREST","clue":"A this concept, often abbreviated ROI, is a selected subset of samples within a dataset identified for a particular purpose.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Registrable domain","answer":"REGISTRABLEDOMAIN","clue":"A this concept is a domain that can be (or has already been) registered by an individual or an organization through a domain name registrar.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/registrable_domain/index.md"},{"term":"regression analysis","answer":"REGRESSIONANALYSIS","clue":"A data analysis or statistical model that employs a set of statistical methods which estimate the relationships between a dependent variable and one or more error-free independent variables.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"regression 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software agents ought to take actions in an environment so as to maximize some notion of cumulative reward.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"relational database","answer":"RELATIONALDATABASE","clue":"Is a digital database based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"reliability engineering","answer":"RELIABILITYENGINEERING","clue":"A sub-discipline of systems engineering that emphasizes dependability in the lifecycle management of a product.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Relying party","answer":"RELYINGPARTY","clue":"A this concept (RP) is an entity that needs to control access to a resource and, to do so, needs to authenticate other entities that are trying to access that resource.","category":"Web & 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computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Render to texture","answer":"RENDERTOTEXTURE","clue":"The process of rasterizing into a texture map (or texture buffer) for further use as a resource in subsequent render passes.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Rendezvous hashing","answer":"RENDEZVOUSHASHING","clue":"Placement scheme that assigns a key to the node with the highest deterministic score.","category":"Distributed systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Repaint","answer":"REPAINT","clue":"this concept happens when a browser redraws a web page to show the visual updates resulting from a UI change, such as after an update on an interactive site.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/repaint/index.md"},{"term":"Repeating texture","answer":"REPEATINGTEXTURE","clue":"A texture map applied with wrap-round UV coordinates extending between the 0–1 range (representing one unit of the image), exhibiting periodicity.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Replaced elements","answer":"REPLACEDELEMENTS","clue":"In web development, this concept are HTML elements whose content are replaced by external resources or content defined outside of the document structure, and are not considered in the CSS rendering model.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/replaced_elements/index.md"},{"term":"Replay attack","answer":"REPLAYATTACK","clue":"In web security, a this concept happens when an attacker intercepts a previously-sent message and resends it later to get the same credentials as the original message, potentially with a different payload or instruction.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/replay_attack/index.md"},{"term":"Replication","answer":"REPLICATION","clue":"Maintaining copies of data on multiple nodes for availability or durability.","category":"Distributed systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Repo","answer":"REPO","clue":"In a revision control system like Git or SVN, a this concept (i.e., \"repository\") is a place that hosts an application's code source, together with various metadata.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/repo/index.md"},{"term":"Reporting directive","answer":"REPORTINGDIRECTIVE","clue":"CSP reporting directives are used in a Content-Security-Policy header and control the reporting process of CSP violations.","category":"Web & 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request.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Response header","answer":"RESPONSEHEADER","clue":"A this concept is an HTTP header that can be used in an HTTP response and that doesn't relate to the content of the message.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/response_header/index.md"},{"term":"response variable","answer":"RESPONSEVARIABLE","clue":"Any variable whose value is or is expected to be affected by an experimental treatment, or by changes in one or more other variables; e.g. cholesterol levels after following a particular diet for six months.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Responsive Web Design","answer":"RESPONSIVEWEBDESIGN","clue":"this concept (RWD) is a web development concept focusing on making sites look and behave optimally on all personal computing devices, from desktop to mobile.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/responsive_web_design/index.md"},{"term":"REST","answer":"REST","clue":"this concept (Representational State Transfer) refers to a group of software architecture design constraints that bring about efficient, reliable and scalable distributed systems.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/rest/index.md"},{"term":"restricted Boltzmann machine","answer":"RESTRICTEDBOLTZMANNMACHINE","clue":"A generative stochastic artificial neural network that can learn a probability distribution over its set of inputs.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Rete algorithm","answer":"RETEALGORITHM","clue":"A pattern matching algorithm for implementing rule-based systems.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Retry budget","answer":"RETRYBUDGET","clue":"Limit on additional attempts that prevents recovery traffic from overwhelming a service.","category":"Software delivery","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Return","answer":"RETURN","clue":"a reply that may be issued from a Method following a Message","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Revoked key","answer":"REVOKEDKEY","clue":"a public key that should no longer be used, typically because its owner is no longer in the role for which it was issued or because it may have been compromised.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"RGB","answer":"RGB","clue":"The this concept color model utilizes the additive model in which red, green, and blue light are combined in various ways to create other colors.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"RGBA","answer":"RGBA","clue":"An RGB color value together with an alpha channel, typically held in bitmap images or intermediates in shading calculations.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"RGB color value","answer":"RGBCOLORVALUE","clue":"A 3D vector describing a color using the RGB color model; may use fixed-point or floating-point representations.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"RGB image","answer":"RGBIMAGE","clue":"A bitmap image holding RGB color values in 3 image channels","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"RIL","answer":"RIL","clue":"this concept (Radio Interface Layer) is a mobile operating system component which communicates between the device's software and the device's phone, radio, or modem hardware.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/ril/index.md"},{"term":"Risk","answer":"RISK","clue":"is the precise probability of specific eventualities.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Risk management","answer":"RISKMANAGEMENT","clue":"is a management specialism aiming to reduce different risks related to a preselected domain to the level accepted by society.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Risk register","answer":"RISKREGISTER","clue":"is a tool commonly used in project planning and organizational risk assessments.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"robotics","answer":"ROBOTICS","clue":"An interdisciplinary branch of engineering and science that includes mechanical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, computer science, and others.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Robots.txt","answer":"ROBOTSTXT","clue":"A this concept is a file that is usually placed in the root of a website (for example, https://www.example.com/this concept).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/robots.txt/index.md"},{"term":"Role","answer":"ROLE","clue":"description of the part played in an Association by one of the Classes in the Association","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Rounding 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programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/round_trip_time/index.md"},{"term":"router","answer":"ROUTER","clue":"A networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"routing table","answer":"ROUTINGTABLE","clue":"In computer networking a this concept, or routing information base (RIB), is a data table stored in a router or a network host that lists the routes to particular network destinations, and in some cases, metrics (distances) associated with those routes.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"R programming language","answer":"RPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGE","clue":"R is a programming language and free software environment for statistical computing and graphics supported by the R Foundation for Statistical Computing.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"RSS","answer":"RSS","clue":"this concept (Really Simple Syndication) refers to several XML document formats designed for publishing site updates.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/rss/index.md"},{"term":"Rsync","answer":"RSYNC","clue":"this concept is an open-source file synchronizing tool that provides incremental file transfer.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/rsync/index.md"},{"term":"RTCP","answer":"RTCP","clue":"The RTP Control Protocol (this concept) is a partner to the RTP protocol.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/rtcp/index.md"},{"term":"RTF","answer":"RTF","clue":"this concept (Rich Text Format) is a plain-text-based file format with support for formatting instructions (like bold or italic).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/rtf/index.md"},{"term":"RTL","answer":"RTL","clue":"this concept (Right To Left) is a locale property indicating that text is written from right to left.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/rtl/index.md"},{"term":"RTP and SRTP","answer":"RTPANDSRTP","clue":"The Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) is a network protocol which described how to transmit various media (audio, video) from one endpoint to another in a real-time fashion.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/rtp/index.md"},{"term":"Ruby","answer":"RUBY","clue":"this concept is an open-source programming language. In a Web context, this concept is often used server-side with the this concept On Rails (ROR) framework to produce websites/apps.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/ruby/index.md"},{"term":"rule-based system","answer":"RULEBASEDSYSTEM","clue":"In computer science, a this concept is used to store and manipulate knowledge to interpret information in a useful way.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"run time","answer":"RUNTIME","clue":"Runtime, this concept, or execution time is the final phase of a computer program's life cycle, in which the code is being executed on the computer's central processing unit (CPU) as machine code.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"run time error","answer":"RUNTIMEERROR","clue":"A runtime error is detected after or during the execution (running state) of a program, whereas a compile-time error is detected by the compiler before the program is ever executed.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Safe","answer":"SAFE","clue":"The term this concept can have several meanings depending on the context.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/safe/index.md"},{"term":"Saga","answer":"SAGA","clue":"Long-running distributed transaction implemented as local steps with compensating actions.","category":"Distributed systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Salt","answer":"SALT","clue":"In cryptography, this concept is random data added to a password before it is hashed.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/salt/index.md"},{"term":"Same-origin policy","answer":"SAMEORIGINPOLICY","clue":"The this concept is a critical security mechanism that restricts how a document or script loaded from one origin can interact with a resource from another origin.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/same-origin_policy/index.md"},{"term":"sample","answer":"SAMPLE","clue":"That part of a population which is actually observed or measured.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"sample mean","answer":"SAMPLEMEAN","clue":"The arithmetic mean of a sample of values drawn from a population, commonly denoted by .","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"sample 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learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Scenario","answer":"SCENARIO","clue":"a narrative describing foreseeable interactions","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Scene graph","answer":"SCENEGRAPH","clue":"Data structure commonly used to represent a 3D scene to be rendered as a directed acyclic graph.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Schedules","answer":"SCHEDULES","clue":"in project management consists of a list of a project's terminal elements with intended to start and finish dates.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Scientific management","answer":"SCIENTIFICMANAGEMENT","clue":"is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflow processes, improving labor productivity.","category":"Software 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but also into braille or sound icons.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/screen_reader/index.md"},{"term":"Screen space","answer":"SCREENSPACE","clue":"The coordinate space of the resulting 2d image during 3D rendering.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Script-supporting element","answer":"SCRIPTSUPPORTINGELEMENT","clue":"In an HTML document, script-supporting elements are those elements that don't directly contribute to the appearance or layout of the page; instead, they're either scripts or contain information that's only used by scripts.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/script-supporting_element/index.md"},{"term":"Scroll boundary","answer":"SCROLLBOUNDARY","clue":"A this concept is the point at which a scrollable element cannot be scrolled any further in a particular direction, either at the top or bottom (or left/right for horizontal scrolling).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/scroll_boundary/index.md"},{"term":"Scroll chaining","answer":"SCROLLCHAINING","clue":"this concept refers to the behavior observed when a user scrolls past the Scroll boundary of a scrollable element, causing scrolling on an ancestor element.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/scroll_chaining/index.md"},{"term":"Scroll container","answer":"SCROLLCONTAINER","clue":"A this concept is an element box whose content can be scrolled, whether or not scroll bars are present.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/scroll_container/index.md"},{"term":"Scroll snap","answer":"SCROLLSNAP","clue":"Scroll snapping is a feature where content \"snaps\" to a specific position when a scroll operation finishes, such as a paragraph, a sentence, or an image boundary, rather than stopping at some arbitrary point.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/scroll_snap/index.md"},{"term":"Scrum","answer":"SCRUM","clue":"is an iterative incremental process of software development commonly used with agile software development.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"SDK","answer":"SDK","clue":"An this concept (Software Development Kit) is an integrated collection of tools that a developer can use to create software for a specific framework, operating system, or other platform.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/sdk/index.md"},{"term":"SDP","answer":"SDP","clue":"this concept (Session Description Protocol) is a standard for describing multimedia sessions.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/sdp/index.md"},{"term":"search algorithm","answer":"SEARCHALGORITHM","clue":"Any algorithm which solves the search problem, namely, to retrieve information stored within some data structure, or calculated in the search space of a problem domain, either with discrete or continuous values.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Search engine","answer":"SEARCHENGINE","clue":"A this concept is a software system that collects information from the World Wide Web and presents it to users who are looking for specific information.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/search_engine/index.md"},{"term":"secondary storage","answer":"SECONDARYSTORAGE","clue":"Also known as external memory or auxiliary storage, differs from primary storage in that it is not directly accessible by the CPU.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Secure context","answer":"SECURECONTEXT","clue":"A this concept is a Window or Worker in which certain minimum standards of authentication and confidentiality are met.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/secure_context/index.md"},{"term":"Secure Sockets Layer","answer":"SECURESOCKETSLAYER","clue":"this concept, or SSL, was the old standard security technology for creating an encrypted network link between a server and client, ensuring all data passed is private and secure.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/ssl/index.md"},{"term":"Seed key","answer":"SEEDKEY","clue":"(NSA) a key used to initialize a cryptographic device so it can accept operational keys using benign transfer techniques.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"selection","answer":"SELECTION","clue":"The stage of a genetic algorithm in which individual genomes are chosen from a population for later breeding (using the crossover operator).","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"selection sort","answer":"SELECTIONSORT","clue":"Is an in-place comparison sorting algorithm. It has an O(n) time complexity, which makes it inefficient on large lists, and generally performs worse than the similar insertion sort.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Selector","answer":"SELECTOR","clue":"A CSS this concept is the part of a CSS rule that describes what elements in a document the rule will match.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/css_selector/index.md"},{"term":"Self attention","answer":"SELFATTENTION","clue":"Mechanism in which positions in a sequence attend to other positions from that same sequence.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Self-call","answer":"SELFCALL","clue":"a Message from an Object to one of its own Methods","category":"Software 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learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"semantics","answer":"SEMANTICS","clue":"In programming language theory, this concept is the field concerned with the rigorous mathematical study of the meaning of programming languages.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Semaphore","answer":"SEMAPHORE","clue":"Synchronization primitive whose counter controls how many participants may access a resource.","category":"Systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"semi-supervised learning","answer":"SEMISUPERVISEDLEARNING","clue":"Also weak supervision.A machine learning training paradigm characterized by using a combination of a small amount of human-labeled data (used exclusively in supervised learning), followed by a large amount of unlabeled data (used exclusively in unsupervised learning).","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"sensor fusion","answer":"SENSORFUSION","clue":"The combining of sensory data or data derived from disparate sources such that the resulting information has less uncertainty than would be possible when these sources were used individually.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"SEO","answer":"SEO","clue":"this concept (Search Engine Optimization) is the process of making a website more visible in search results, also termed improving search rankings.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/seo/index.md"},{"term":"separation logic","answer":"SEPARATIONLOGIC","clue":"An extension of Hoare logic, a way of reasoning about programs.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"sequence","answer":"SEQUENCE","clue":"In mathematics, a this concept is an enumerated collection of objects in which repetitions are allowed and order does matter.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Sequence diagram","answer":"SEQUENCEDIAGRAM","clue":"describes the Messages sent between a number of participating Objects in a Scenario","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Serial ATA","answer":"SERIALATA","clue":"A computer bus interface that connects host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives, optical drives, and solid-state drives.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Serializability","answer":"SERIALIZABILITY","clue":"Isolation property making concurrent transactions equivalent to some serial execution.","category":"Databases","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Serializable object","answer":"SERIALIZABLEOBJECT","clue":"Serializable objects are objects that can be serialized and later deserialized in any JavaScript environment (\"realm\").","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/serializable_object/index.md"},{"term":"serialization","answer":"SERIALIZATION","clue":"Is the process of translating data structures or object state into a format that can be stored (for example, in a file or memory buffer) or transmitted (for example, across a network connection link) and reconstructed later (possibly in a different computer environment).","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"server","answer":"SERVER","clue":"A computer that provides information to other computers called \"clients\" on a computer network.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Server-side rendering","answer":"SERVERSIDERENDERING","clue":"this concept (SSR) refers to the practice of generating HTML content on the server and sending it to the client.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/ssr/index.md"},{"term":"Server Timing","answer":"SERVERTIMING","clue":"The this concept specification enables the server to communicate performance metrics from the request-response cycle to the user agent, and utilizes a JavaScript interface to allow applications to collect, process, and act on these metrics to optimize application delivery.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/server_timing/index.md"},{"term":"service level agreement","answer":"SERVICELEVELAGREEMENT","clue":"(SLA), is a commitment between a service provider and a client.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Service level indicator","answer":"SERVICELEVELINDICATOR","clue":"Quantitative measure of a service behaviour such as availability or latency.","category":"Software delivery","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Service level objective","answer":"SERVICELEVELOBJECTIVE","clue":"Reliability target for a measurable service behaviour over a defined period.","category":"Software delivery","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Session hijacking","answer":"SESSIONHIJACKING","clue":"this concept occurs when an attacker takes over a valid session between two computers.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/session_hijacking/index.md"},{"term":"Session key","answer":"SESSIONKEY","clue":"key used for one message or an entire communications session.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"set","answer":"SET","clue":"Is an abstract data type that can store unique values, without any particular order.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"SGML","answer":"SGML","clue":"The Standard Generalized Markup Language (this concept) is an ISO specification for defining declarative markup languages.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/sgml/index.md"},{"term":"Shader","answer":"SHADER","clue":"A subroutine written in a shading language describing: vertex transformations, skinning, and possibly vertex lighting (in vertex shaders); shading calculations (in pixel shaders); control over tessellation (tessellation shaders); or general purpose computation.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Shading calculation","answer":"SHADINGCALCULATION","clue":"Surface lighting and texturing blending operations, e.g. including specularity, bump mapping etc.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Shadow map","answer":"SHADOWMAP","clue":"A texture buffer holding depth values rendered in a separate render pass from the perspective of a lightsource, used in Shadow mapping; it is typically rendered onto other geometry in the main rendering pass.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Shadow tree","answer":"SHADOWTREE","clue":"A this concept is a hidden set of DOM nodes whose topmost node is a shadow root.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/shadow_tree/index.md"},{"term":"Shadow volume","answer":"SHADOWVOLUME","clue":"One of the techniques of adding shadows to 3D scenes.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Shallow copy","answer":"SHALLOWCOPY","clue":"A this concept of an object is a copy whose properties share the same references (point to the same underlying values) as those of the source object from which the copy was made.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/shallow_copy/index.md"},{"term":"Sharding","answer":"SHARDING","clue":"Partitioning a dataset horizontally across separate machines.","category":"Distributed systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Shim","answer":"SHIM","clue":"A this concept is a piece of code used to correct the behavior of code that already exists, usually by adding new API that works around the problem.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/shim/index.md"},{"term":"Shutter","answer":"SHUTTER","clue":"A this concept is a device that allows light to pass for a determined period of time, for the purpose of exposing the image sensor to the right amount of light to create a permanent image of a view.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Shutter speed","answer":"SHUTTERSPEED","clue":"In machine vision the this concept is the time for which the shutter is held open during the taking an image to allow light to reach the imaging sensor.","category":"AI & machine 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the Z component of cross product of a pair of screen-space triangle edge vectors, useful for backface culling and computing parameter gradients in triangle rasterization.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"SIMD","answer":"SIMD","clue":"this concept (pronounced \"sim-dee\") is short for Single Instruction/Multiple Data which is one classification of computer architectures.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/simd/index.md"},{"term":"similarity learning","answer":"SIMILARITYLEARNING","clue":"An area of supervised learning closely related to classification and regression, but the goal is to learn from a similarity function that measures how similar or related two objects are.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"simulated 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programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/sisd/index.md"},{"term":"Site","answer":"SITE","clue":"Informally, a this concept is a website, which is a collection of web pages, served from the same domain and maintained by a single organization, defined by its registrable domain.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/site/index.md"},{"term":"Site map","answer":"SITEMAP","clue":"A this concept or sitemap is a list of pages of a website.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/site_map/index.md"},{"term":"situated approach","answer":"SITUATEDAPPROACH","clue":"In artificial intelligence research, the this concept builds agents that are designed to behave effectively successfully in their environment.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"situation calculus","answer":"SITUATIONCALCULUS","clue":"A logic formalism designed for representing and reasoning about dynamical domains.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Six Sigma","answer":"SIXSIGMA","clue":"is a business management strategy, originally developed by Motorola, that today enjoys widespread application in many sectors of industry.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"skewness","answer":"SKEWNESS","clue":"A measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable about its mean.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Skip list","answer":"SKIPLIST","clue":"Ordered structure using multiple linked levels to speed up search.","category":"Computer science","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Skybox","answer":"SKYBOX","clue":"Method of creating background for a 3D scene by enclosing it in a textured cuboid (or another environment map).","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Slack space","answer":"SLACKSPACE","clue":"The unused space at the end of a file in a file system that uses fixed size clusters (so if the file is smaller than the fixed block size then the unused space is simply left).","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1221924731"},{"term":"SLD","answer":"SLD","clue":"The Second Level Domain (this concept) is the part of the domain name that is located right before a Top-Level Domain (TLD).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/sld/index.md"},{"term":"Sliver 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concept is the unique identifying part of a web address, typically at the end of the URL.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/slug/index.md"},{"term":"Smoke test","answer":"SMOKETEST","clue":"A this concept consists of functional or unit tests of critical software functionality.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/smoke_test/index.md"},{"term":"SMPTE","answer":"SMPTE","clue":"The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (this concept) is the professional association of engineers and scientists that develop and define standards and technologies used to create, broadcast, store, and present entertainment media.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/smpte/index.md"},{"term":"SMTP","answer":"SMTP","clue":"this concept (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is a protocol used to send a new email.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/smtp/index.md"},{"term":"Snake case","answer":"SNAKECASE","clue":"this concept is a way of writing phrases without spaces, where spaces are replaced with underscores , and the words are typically all lower case.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/snake_case/index.md"},{"term":"Snap positions","answer":"SNAPPOSITIONS","clue":"this concept are points where the scrollport stops moving after the scrolling operation completes.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/snap_positions/index.md"},{"term":"Snapshot isolation","answer":"SNAPSHOTISOLATION","clue":"Transaction isolation that reads a consistent version of committed data from a point in time.","category":"Databases","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"SOAP","answer":"SOAP","clue":"this concept (Simple Object Access Protocol) is a protocol for transmitting data in XML format.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/soap/index.md"},{"term":"Social engineering","answer":"SOCIALENGINEERING","clue":"In computer security, this concept is a technique in which an attacker psychologically manipulates users into harmful actions, such as divulging their credentials or other sensitive information.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/social_engineering/index.md"},{"term":"Soft navigation","answer":"SOFTNAVIGATION","clue":"A this concept is a client-side routing navigation used by Single Page Applications (SPAs) to load new content.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/soft_navigation/index.md"},{"term":"software","answer":"SOFTWARE","clue":"Computer this concept, or simply this concept, is a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"software agent","answer":"SOFTWAREAGENT","clue":"Is a computer program that acts for a user or other program in a relationship of agency, which derives from the Latin agere (to do): an agreement to act on one's behalf.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Software bill of materials","answer":"SOFTWAREBILLOFMATERIALS","clue":"Inventory of components and dependencies included in a software product.","category":"Security","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"software construction","answer":"SOFTWARECONSTRUCTION","clue":"Is a software engineering discipline. It is the detailed creation of working meaningful software through a combination of coding, verification, unit testing, integration testing, and debugging.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"software deployment","answer":"SOFTWAREDEPLOYMENT","clue":"Is all of the activities that make a software system available for use.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"software design","answer":"SOFTWAREDESIGN","clue":"Is the process by which an agent creates a specification of a software artifact, intended to accomplish goals, using a set of primitive components and subject to constraints.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"software development","answer":"SOFTWAREDEVELOPMENT","clue":"Is the process of conceiving, specifying, designing, programming, documenting, testing, and bug fixing involved in creating and maintaining applications, frameworks, or other software components.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"software development process","answer":"SOFTWAREDEVELOPMENTPROCESS","clue":"In software engineering, a this concept is the process of dividing software development work into distinct phases to improve design, product management, and project management.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"software engineering","answer":"SOFTWAREENGINEERING","clue":"Is the systematic application of engineering approaches to the development of software.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"software maintenance","answer":"SOFTWAREMAINTENANCE","clue":"In software engineering is the modification of a software product after delivery to correct faults, to improve performance or other attributes.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"software prototyping","answer":"SOFTWAREPROTOTYPING","clue":"Is the activity of creating prototypes of software applications, i.e., incomplete versions of the software program being developed.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Software renderer","answer":"SOFTWARERENDERER","clue":"Rendering software that doesn't use specialized hardware (a GPU) for its computations, i.e. only uses CPU for rendering.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"software testing","answer":"SOFTWARETESTING","clue":"Is an investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the software product or service under test.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"solid-state drive","answer":"SOLIDSTATEDRIVE","clue":"Any data storage device that uses integrated circuit assemblies as memory to store data persistently.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"sorting algorithm","answer":"SORTINGALGORITHM","clue":"Is an algorithm that puts elements of a list in a certain order.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"sound card","answer":"SOUNDCARD","clue":"An internal expansion card that facilitates economical input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"source code","answer":"SOURCECODE","clue":"In computing, this concept is any collection of code, with or without comments, written using a human-readable programming language, usually as plain text.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Source map","answer":"SOURCEMAP","clue":"A this concept is a JSON file format that maps between minified or transformed code received by the browser and its original unmodified form, allowing the original code to be reconstructed and used when debugging.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/source_map/index.md"},{"term":"SPA","answer":"SPA","clue":"An this concept (Single-page application) is a web app implementation that loads only a single web document, and then updates the body content of that single document via JavaScript APIs such as Fetch when different content is to be shown.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/spa/index.md"},{"term":"spamming","answer":"SPAMMING","clue":"the act of sending unsolicited email or posting many useless messages in a forum website.","category":"Networks & web","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1223442825"},{"term":"SPARQL","answer":"SPARQL","clue":"An RDF query language—that is, a semantic query language for databases—able to retrieve and manipulate data stored in Resource Description Framework (RDF) format.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"sparse dictionary learning","answer":"SPARSEDICTIONARYLEARNING","clue":"Also sparse coding or SDL. A feature learning method aimed at finding a sparse representation of the input data in the form of a linear combination of basic elements as well as those basic elements themselves.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Sparse texture","answer":"SPARSETEXTURE","clue":"A texture that can partially reside in the video memory to reduce video memory usage and loading time.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Spatial hashing","answer":"SPATIALHASHING","clue":"A form of hashing to accelerate spatial testing e.g. for AI, collision detection, typically using a grid cell index as a key.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Spatial-Taxon","answer":"SPATIALTAXON","clue":"Spatial-taxons are information granules, composed of non-mutually exclusive pixel regions, within scene architecture.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"spatial-temporal reasoning","answer":"SPATIALTEMPORALREASONING","clue":"An area of artificial intelligence which draws from the fields of computer science, cognitive science, and cognitive psychology.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Specification","answer":"SPECIFICATION","clue":"A this concept is a document that lays out in detail what functionality or attributes a product must include before delivery.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/specification/index.md"},{"term":"Specular exponent","answer":"SPECULAREXPONENT","clue":"Controls the glossiness in the Phong shading model.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Specular highlights","answer":"SPECULARHIGHLIGHTS","clue":"In shading, specular highlight is a bright highlight caused by specular reflections, more prominent on metallic surfaces.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Speculative parsing","answer":"SPECULATIVEPARSING","clue":"Traditionally in browsers the HTML parser ran on the main thread and was blocked after a tag until the script has been retrieved from the network and executed.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/speculative_parsing/index.md"},{"term":"speech recognition","answer":"SPEECHRECOGNITION","clue":"An interdisciplinary subfield of computational linguistics that develops methodologies and technologies that enables the recognition and translation of spoken language into text by computers.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Speed index","answer":"SPEEDINDEX","clue":"this concept (SI) is a page load performance metric measuring how quickly the contents of a page are visibly populated.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/speed_index/index.md"},{"term":"spiking neural network","answer":"SPIKINGNEURALNETWORK","clue":"An artificial neural network that more closely mimics a natural neural network.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"spiral model","answer":"SPIRALMODEL","clue":"Is a risk-driven software development process model.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Spline","answer":"SPLINE","clue":"A curve defined by polynomial interpolation through control points.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Split brain","answer":"SPLITBRAIN","clue":"Failure state in which separated nodes each believe they are the active leader.","category":"Distributed systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Sprite","answer":"SPRITE","clue":"2D image moving on the screen, with potential partial transparency and/or animation.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"SQL","answer":"SQL","clue":"this concept (Structured Query Language) is a descriptive computer language designed for updating, retrieving, and calculating data in table-based databases.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/sql/index.md"},{"term":"SQL injection","answer":"SQLINJECTION","clue":"this concept takes advantage of Web apps that fail to validate user input.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/sql_injection/index.md"},{"term":"SRI","answer":"SRI","clue":"Subresource Integrity (this concept) is a security feature that enables browsers to verify that files they fetch (for example, from a CDN) are delivered without unexpected manipulation.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/sri/index.md"},{"term":"stack","answer":"STACK","clue":"Is an abstract data type that serves as a collection of elements, with two main principal operations: push, which adds an element to the collection, and pop, which removes the most recently added element that was not yet removed.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Stacking 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products, processes, or services with which compliance is not mandatory.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Starvation","answer":"STARVATION","clue":"Indefinite postponement of a task because other tasks repeatedly obtain the needed resources.","category":"Systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"state","answer":"STATE","clue":"In information technology and computer science, a system is described as stateful if it is designed to remember preceding events or user interactions; the remembered information is called the this concept of the system.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"State changes","answer":"STATECHANGES","clue":"The passing of changes in render states in a graphics pipeline, incurring a performance overhead.","category":"Graphics & 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does not relate to a specific object but is at class level","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"static random-access memory","answer":"STATICRANDOMACCESSMEMORY","clue":"A type of semiconductor memory that uses bistable latching circuitry to store each bit.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Static site generator","answer":"STATICSITEGENERATOR","clue":"A this concept (SSG) is a software used to generate static websites.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/ssg/index.md"},{"term":"Static typing","answer":"STATICTYPING","clue":"A statically-typed language is a language (such as Java, C, or C++) where variable types are known at compile time.","category":"Web & 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deviation.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"statistical independence","answer":"STATISTICALINDEPENDENCE","clue":"Two events are independent if the outcome of one does not affect that of the other (for example, getting a 1 on a single die roll does not affect the probability of getting a 1 on a second roll).","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"statistical inference","answer":"STATISTICALINFERENCE","clue":"Inference about a population based on a random sample drawn from that population or, more generally, about a random process from its observed behavior during a finite period of time.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"statistical parameter","answer":"STATISTICALPARAMETER","clue":"A parameter that indexes a family of probability distributions.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"statistical population","answer":"STATISTICALPOPULATION","clue":"A set of entities about which statistical inferences are to be drawn, often based on random sampling.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Steganography","answer":"STEGANOGRAPHY","clue":"The word this concept comes from the Greek name “steganos” (hidden or secret) and “graphy” (writing or drawing) and literally means hidden writing.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1221924731"},{"term":"Stencil buffer","answer":"STENCILBUFFER","clue":"A buffer storing an integer value for each according screen pixel, used e.g. to mask out specific operations and achieve specific effects.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Stereo 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Address Translator).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/stun/index.md"},{"term":"Style origin","answer":"STYLEORIGIN","clue":"In CSS, there are three categories of sources for style changes.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/style_origin/index.md"},{"term":"Style sheet","answer":"STYLESHEET","clue":"A this concept (sometimes referred to as a \"stylesheet\") is a set of CSS rules used to control the layout and design of a webpage or document.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/style_sheet/index.md"},{"term":"subject-matter expert","answer":"SUBJECTMATTEREXPERT","clue":"A person who has accumulated great knowledge in a particular field or topic, demonstrated by the person's degree, licensure, and/or through years of professional experience with the subject.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Submit button","answer":"SUBMITBUTTON","clue":"A this concept is an element in HTML that can be used to submit a form.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/submit_button/index.md"},{"term":"subroutine","answer":"SUBROUTINE","clue":"In computer programming, a this concept is a sequence of program instructions that performs a specific task, packaged as a unit.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"SuperDisk","answer":"SUPERDISK","clue":"A high-speed, high-capacity alternative to the 90 mm (3.5 in), 1.44 MB floppy disk.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"superintelligence","answer":"SUPERINTELLIGENCE","clue":"A hypothetical agent that possesses intelligence far surpassing that of the brightest and most gifted human minds.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Superstate","answer":"SUPERSTATE","clue":"construct allowing several States which share common Transitions and Internal Activities","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"supervised learning","answer":"SUPERVISEDLEARNING","clue":"The machine learning task of learning a function that maps an input to an output based on example input-output pairs.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Supply chain attack","answer":"SUPPLYCHAINATTACK","clue":"Compromise that reaches a target through a dependency, build tool, or trusted distribution path.","category":"Security","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"support vector machines","answer":"SUPPORTVECTORMACHINES","clue":"In machine learning, this concept (SVMs, also support vector networks) are supervised learning models with associated learning algorithms that analyze data used for classification and regression.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Surface normal vector","answer":"SURFACENORMALVECTOR","clue":"In shading calculations, the normal to a 3D model surface, typically compared with the light and view vectors to compute the resulting visible colour.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"SVG","answer":"SVG","clue":"Scalable Vector Graphics (this concept) is a 2D vector image format based on an XML syntax.","category":"Web & 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texture","answer":"SWIZZLEDTEXTURE","clue":"A texture map stored out of the natural pixel order; see swizzling (computer graphics).","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Symbol","answer":"SYMBOL","clue":"A this concept is a data type that represents unique, unforgeable identifiers.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/symbol/index.md"},{"term":"symbolic computation","answer":"SYMBOLICCOMPUTATION","clue":"In mathematics and computer science, computer algebra, also called this concept or algebraic computation, is a scientific area that refers to the study and development of algorithms and software for manipulating mathematical expressions and other mathematical objects.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Symmetric key","answer":"SYMMETRICKEY","clue":"a key that is used both to encrypt and decrypt a message.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Symmetric-key cryptography","answer":"SYMMETRICKEYCRYPTOGRAPHY","clue":"this concept is a term used for cryptographic algorithms that use the same key for encryption and for decryption.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/symmetric-key_cryptography/index.md"},{"term":"Synchronous","answer":"SYNCHRONOUS","clue":"this concept refers to real-time communication where each party receives (and if necessary, processes and replies to) messages instantly (or as near to instantly as possible).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/synchronous/index.md"},{"term":"syntax","answer":"SYNTAX","clue":"The this concept of a computer language is the set of rules that defines the combinations of symbols that are considered to be correctly structured statements or expressions in that language.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"syntax error","answer":"SYNTAXERROR","clue":"Is an error in the syntax of a sequence of characters or tokens that is intended to be written in compile-time.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Synthesis","answer":"SYNTHESIS","clue":"Process of creating a netlist from a circuit description described using HDLs (hardware description language), HLLs (high level language), GUI (graphical user interfaces).","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360795787"},{"term":"synthetic intelligence","answer":"SYNTHETICINTELLIGENCE","clue":"An alternative term for artificial intelligence which emphasizes that the intelligence of machines need not be an imitation or in any way artificial; it can be a genuine form of intelligence.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Synthetic monitoring","answer":"SYNTHETICMONITORING","clue":"this concept involves monitoring the performance of a page in a 'laboratory' environment, typically with automation tooling in an environment that is as consistent as possible.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/synthetic_monitoring/index.md"},{"term":"system console","answer":"SYSTEMCONSOLE","clue":"The this concept, computer console, root console, operator's console, or simply console is the text entry and display device for system administration messages, particularly those from the BIOS or boot loader, the kernel, from the init system and from the system logger.","category":"Computer 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systems.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Table grid box","answer":"TABLEGRIDBOX","clue":"The this concept is a block level box which contains all of the table internal boxes, excluding the caption.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/table_grid_box/index.md"},{"term":"Table wrapper box","answer":"TABLEWRAPPERBOX","clue":"The this concept is the box generated around table grid boxes which accounts for the space needed for any caption displayed for the table.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/table_wrapper_box/index.md"},{"term":"Tag","answer":"TAG","clue":"In HTML, a this concept is used for creating an element.","category":"Web & 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time.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"TCP","answer":"TCP","clue":"this concept (Transmission Control Protocol) is an important network protocol that lets two hosts connect and exchange data streams.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/tcp/index.md"},{"term":"TCP handshake","answer":"TCPHANDSHAKE","clue":"TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) uses a three-way handshake (aka TCP-handshake, three message handshake, and/or SYN-SYN-ACK) to set up a TCP/IP connection over an IP based network.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/tcp_handshake/index.md"},{"term":"TCP slow start","answer":"TCPSLOWSTART","clue":"this concept is an algorithm that helps discover the available network bandwidth for packet transfer, and balance transmission speed according to the network's capabilities.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/tcp_slow_start/index.md"},{"term":"technical documentation","answer":"TECHNICALDOCUMENTATION","clue":"In engineering, any type of documentation that describes handling, functionality, and architecture of a technical product or a product under development or use.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"technological singularity","answer":"TECHNOLOGICALSINGULARITY","clue":"Also simply the singularity.A hypothetical point in the future when technological growth becomes uncontrollable and irreversible, resulting in unfathomable changes to human civilization.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Telecentric 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system.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Terrain rendering","answer":"TERRAINRENDERING","clue":"Rendering of landscapes, typically using heightmaps or voxels.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Tessellation","answer":"TESSELLATION","clue":"Converting a general 3D surface into polygonal representation, important because of HW being optimized for rendering polygons.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Texel","answer":"TEXEL","clue":"Texture element, a pixel of a texture.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Texture buffer","answer":"TEXTUREBUFFER","clue":"A region of memory (or resource) used as both a render target and a texture map.","category":"Graphics & 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texture mapping unit.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Texture space","answer":"TEXTURESPACE","clue":"The coordinate space of a texture map, usually corresponding to UV coordinates in a 3D model.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"The Game","answer":"THEGAME","clue":"A popular mind game, often referred to on public message boards as a way to irritate other users.","category":"Networks & web","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1223442825"},{"term":"The Khronos Group","answer":"THEKHRONOSGROUP","clue":"this concept is an open, non-profit, member-driven consortium of over 150 industry-leading companies.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/khronos/index.md"},{"term":"theoretical computer 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exploration-exploitation dilemma in the multi-armed bandit problem.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"thread","answer":"THREAD","clue":"In computer science, a this concept of execution is the smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by an operating system scheduler.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336240793"},{"term":"Threat model","answer":"THREATMODEL","clue":"Structured account of assets, attackers, trust boundaries, and plausible attack paths.","category":"Security","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Three js","answer":"THREEJS","clue":"three.js is a JavaScript-based WebGL engine that can run GPU-powered games and other graphics-powered apps straight from the browser.","category":"Web & 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the first byte of information from the server.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/time_to_first_byte/index.md"},{"term":"Time to Interactive","answer":"TIMETOINTERACTIVE","clue":"this concept (TTI) is a non-standardized web performance 'progress' metric defined as the point in time when the last Long Task finished and was followed by 5 seconds of network and main thread inactivity.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/time_to_interactive/index.md"},{"term":"TLD","answer":"TLD","clue":"A this concept (top-level domain) is the most generic domain in the Internet's hierarchical DNS (domain name system).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/tld/index.md"},{"term":"TOFU","answer":"TOFU","clue":"Trust On First Use (this concept) is a security model in which a client needs to create a trust relationship with an unknown server.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/tofu/index.md"},{"term":"Token","answer":"TOKEN","clue":"symbolises the Thread of an Activity diagram","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Tokenization","answer":"TOKENIZATION","clue":"Converting text into the discrete units consumed by a language model.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Tombstone","answer":"TOMBSTONE","clue":"Deletion marker retained so replicated or merged data does not resurrect an old value.","category":"Databases","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Top layer","answer":"TOPLAYER","clue":"The this concept is a specific layer that spans the entire width and height of the viewport and sits on top of all other layers displayed in a web document.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/top_layer/index.md"},{"term":"touchpad","answer":"TOUCHPAD","clue":"A pointing device consisting of specialized surface that can translate the motion and position of a user's fingers or a stylus to a relative position on a screen.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Training key","answer":"TRAININGKEY","clue":"(NSA) unclassified key used for instruction and practice exercises.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Transactional 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caching the result of skeletal animation for use in shadow rendering.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"transhumanism","answer":"TRANSHUMANISM","clue":"Abbreviated H+ or h+. An international philosophical movement that advocates for the transformation of the human condition by developing and making widely available sophisticated technologies to greatly enhance human intellect and physiology.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Transient activation","answer":"TRANSIENTACTIVATION","clue":"this concept (or \"transient user activation\") is a window state that indicates a user has recently directly and meaningfully interacted with the window.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/transient_activation/index.md"},{"term":"Transition","answer":"TRANSITION","clue":"1. movement from one State to another in a State machine diagram.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"transition system","answer":"TRANSITIONSYSTEM","clue":"In theoretical computer science, a this concept is a concept used in the study of computation.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Transmission security key","answer":"TRANSMISSIONSECURITYKEY","clue":"(NSA) seed for a pseudorandom number generator that is used to control a radio in frequency hopping or direct-sequence spread spectrum modes.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Transport Layer Security","answer":"TRANSPORTLAYERSECURITY","clue":"this concept (TLS), formerly known as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), is a protocol used by applications to communicate securely across a network, preventing tampering with and eavesdropping on email, web browsing, messaging, and other protocols.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/tls/index.md"},{"term":"treatments","answer":"TREATMENTS","clue":"Variables in a statistical study that are conceptually manipulable.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"tree","answer":"TREE","clue":"A widely used abstract data type (ADT) that simulates a hierarchical this concept structure, with a root value and subtrees of children with a parent node, represented as a set of linked nodes.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Tree shaking","answer":"TREESHAKING","clue":"this concept is a term commonly used within a JavaScript context to describe the removal of dead code.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/tree_shaking/index.md"},{"term":"tree traversal","answer":"TREETRAVERSAL","clue":"Also tree search.A form of graph traversal and refers to the process of visiting (checking and/or updating) each node in a tree data structure, exactly once.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"trial","answer":"TRIAL","clue":"Can refer to each individual repetition when talking about an experiment composed of any fixed number of them.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Triangle primitive","answer":"TRIANGLEPRIMITIVE","clue":"The most common rendering primitive defining triangle meshes, rendered by graphics processing units","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Triangle setup","answer":"TRIANGLESETUP","clue":"The process of ordering triangle primitive vertices, calculating signed triangle area and parameter gradients between vertex attributes as a prerequisite for rasterization.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Triangle setup unit","answer":"TRIANGLESETUPUNIT","clue":"A fixed-function unit in a GPU that performs triangle setup (and may perform backface culling), prior to actual rasterization.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Triangulation","answer":"TRIANGULATION","clue":"The process of turning arbitrary geometric models into triangle primitives, suitable for algorithms requiring triangle meshes","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Trident","answer":"TRIDENT","clue":"this concept (or MSHTML) was the proprietary rendering engine that powered Internet Explorer.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/trident/index.md"},{"term":"Trilinear filtering","answer":"TRILINEARFILTERING","clue":"Extension of bilinear filtering that additionally linearly interpolates between different mipmap levels of the texture, eliminating sharp transitions.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Triple buffering","answer":"TRIPLEBUFFERING","clue":"Improvement of double buffering for extra performance by adding another back buffer.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Tristrip","answer":"TRISTRIP","clue":"A common rendering primitive defining a sequence of adjacent triangle primitives, where each triangle re-uses 2 vertices from the previous one.","category":"Graphics & 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to numbers).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/type_coercion/index.md"},{"term":"Type conversion","answer":"TYPECONVERSION","clue":"this concept (or typecasting) means transfer of data from one data type to another.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/type_conversion/index.md"},{"term":"TypeScript","answer":"TYPESCRIPT","clue":"this concept is a programming language that adds static type checking to JavaScript.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/typescript/index.md"},{"term":"type system","answer":"TYPESYSTEM","clue":"In programming languages, a set of rules that assigns a property called type to the various constructs of a computer program, such as variables, expressions, functions, or modules.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"type theory","answer":"TYPETHEORY","clue":"In mathematics, logic, and computer science, a this concept is any of a class of formal systems, some of which can serve as alternatives to set theory as a foundation for all mathematics.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"UAAG","answer":"UAAG","clue":"User Agent Accessibility Guidelines (this concept) is a recommendation published by the Web Accessibility Initiative group at the W3C, explaining how to make user agents accessible to people with disabilities.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/uaag/index.md"},{"term":"UDP","answer":"UDP","clue":"this concept (User Datagram Protocol) is a long standing protocol used together with IP for sending data when transmission speed and efficiency matter more than security and reliability.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/udp/index.md"},{"term":"Unallocated space","answer":"UNALLOCATEDSPACE","clue":"Clusters of a media partition not in use for storing any active files.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1221924731"},{"term":"Undefined","answer":"UNDEFINED","clue":"this concept is a primitive value automatically assigned to variables that have just been declared, or to formal arguments for which there are no actual arguments.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/undefined/index.md"},{"term":"Underfitting","answer":"UNDERFITTING","clue":"Failure to learn enough structure to perform well even on the training data.","category":"AI & 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this concept is a popular iterative and incremental software development process framework.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Uniform Resource Locator","answer":"UNIFORMRESOURCELOCATOR","clue":"A reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"unique","answer":"UNIQUE","clue":"An element that is different from other elements.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"units","answer":"UNITS","clue":"In a statistical study, the objects to which treatments are assigned.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Universal Serial Bus","answer":"UNIVERSALSERIALBUS","clue":"A specification to establish communication between devices and a host controller (usually a personal computer).","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Unix time","answer":"UNIXTIME","clue":"this concept is a method to represent a timestamp, and is usually defined as the number of seconds since the beginning of the Unix epoch, which is January 1st, 1970, at midnight (UTC).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/unix_time/index.md"},{"term":"unsupervised learning","answer":"UNSUPERVISEDLEARNING","clue":"A type of self-organized Hebbian learning that helps find previously unknown patterns in data set without pre-existing labels.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"uop cache","answer":"UOPCACHE","clue":"A cache of decoded micro-operations in a CISC processor (e.g x86).","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"upload","answer":"UPLOAD","clue":"In computer networks, to send data to a remote system such as a server or another client so that the remote system can store a copy.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"URI","answer":"URI","clue":"A this concept (Uniform Resource Identifier) is a string that refers to a resource.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/uri/index.md"},{"term":"URL","answer":"URL","clue":"A Uniform Resource Locator (this concept) is a text string that specifies where a resource (such as a web page, image, or video) can be found on the Internet.","category":"Web & 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delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"variable","answer":"VARIABLE","clue":"In computer programming, a this concept, or scalar, is a storage location (identified by a memory address) paired with an associated symbolic name (an identifier), which contains some known or unknown quantity of information referred to as a value.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"variance","answer":"VARIANCE","clue":"A measure of its statistical dispersion of a random variable, indicating how far from the expected value its values typically are.","category":"Data & statistics","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363373483"},{"term":"Vector clock","answer":"VECTORCLOCK","clue":"Per-process counters used to detect causal ordering and concurrency between distributed events.","category":"Distributed systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Vector 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programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/vendor_prefix/index.md"},{"term":"Verification","answer":"VERIFICATION","clue":"A term used to refer to the hashing of both source media and acquired image to verify the accuracy of the copy","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1221924731"},{"term":"Vernam key","answer":"VERNAMKEY","clue":"Type of key invented by Gilbert Vernam in 1918.","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Vertex buffer","answer":"VERTEXBUFFER","clue":"A rendering resource managed by a rendering API holding vertex data.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Vertex cache","answer":"VERTEXCACHE","clue":"A specialised read-only cache in a graphics processing unit for buffering indexed vertex buffer reads.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Vertex shader","answer":"VERTEXSHADER","clue":"Shader processing vertices of a 3D model.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Vertical slice","answer":"VERTICALSLICE","clue":"is a type of milestone, benchmark, or deadline, with emphasis on demonstrating progress across all components of a project.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"VESA","answer":"VESA","clue":"The Video Electronics Standards Association (this concept) is an international body, founded in the late 1980s by NEC Home Electronics and eight other video display adapter manufacturers.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"VGA","answer":"VGA","clue":"Video Graphics Array (this concept) is a computer display standard first marketed in 1987 by IBM.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"video card","answer":"VIDEOCARD","clue":"An expansion card which generates a feed of output images to a display (such as a computer monitor).","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Video Graphics Array","answer":"VIDEOGRAPHICSARRAY","clue":"First released in 1987, this was the last graphical standard introduced by IBM to which the majority of PC clone manufacturers conformed.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"View frustum","answer":"VIEWFRUSTUM","clue":"A truncated pyramid enclosing the subset of 3D space that projects onto a 'viewport' (a rectangular region in screen space, usually the entire screen).","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Viewport","answer":"VIEWPORT","clue":"In computer graphics, a this concept represents a polygonal (normally rectangular) area that is currently being viewed.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/viewport/index.md"},{"term":"View transformation","answer":"VIEWTRANSFORMATION","clue":"A matrix transforming world space coordinates into camera space.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"View vector","answer":"VIEWVECTOR","clue":"In shading calculations, a 3D unit vector between the camera and the point of interest on a surface.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"virtual machine","answer":"VIRTUALMACHINE","clue":"An emulation of a computer system. Virtual machines are based on computer architectures and attempt to provide the same functionality as a physical computer.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Virtual reality","answer":"VIRTUALREALITY","clue":"Computer-rendered content that (unlike augmented reality) completely replaces the user's view of the real world.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Visibility","answer":"VISIBILITY","clue":"the availability for access of elements in a model.","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"vision processing unit","answer":"VISIONPROCESSINGUNIT","clue":"A type of microprocessor designed to accelerate machine vision tasks.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Visual viewport","answer":"VISUALVIEWPORT","clue":"The portion of the viewport that is currently visible is called the this concept.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/visual_viewport/index.md"},{"term":"V-Model","answer":"VMODEL","clue":"A software development process that may be considered an extension of the waterfall model, and is an example of the more general this concept.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Void element","answer":"VOIDELEMENT","clue":"A this concept is an element in HTML that cannot have any child nodes (i.e., nested elements or text nodes).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/void_element/index.md"},{"term":"VoIP","answer":"VOIP","clue":"this concept (Voice over Internet Protocol) is a technology used to transmit voice messages over IP (Internet Protocol) networks.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/voip/index.md"},{"term":"volatile memory","answer":"VOLATILEMEMORY","clue":"Memory that requires power to maintain the stored information, as opposed to non-this concept.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Volume texture","answer":"VOLUMETEXTURE","clue":"A type of texture map with 3 dimensions.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Voxel","answer":"VOXEL","clue":"An extension of pixels into 3 dimensions.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"VSync","answer":"VSYNC","clue":"Vertical synchronization, synchronizes the rendering rate with the monitor refresh rate in order to prevent displaying only partially updated frame buffer, which is disturbing especially with horizontal camera movement.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Vulkan","answer":"VULKAN","clue":"High-performance, low-level graphics API by Khronos Group.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"WAI","answer":"WAI","clue":"The Web Accessibility Initiative (this concept) is an effort by the W3C to develop standards and guidelines to help everyone building the web ensure and improve accessibility for people with various challenges.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/wai/index.md"},{"term":"waterfall model","answer":"WATERFALLMODEL","clue":"A breakdown of project activities into linear sequential phases, where each phase depends on the deliverables of the previous one and corresponds to a specialisation of tasks.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Watson","answer":"WATSON","clue":"A question-answering computer system capable of answering questions posed in natural language, developed in IBM's DeepQA project by a research team led by principal investigator David Ferrucci.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Waveform Audio File Format","answer":"WAVEFORMAUDIOFILEFORMAT","clue":"An audio file format standard, developed by Microsoft and IBM, for storing an audio bitstream on PCs.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"W buffering","answer":"WBUFFERING","clue":"A depth buffer storing inverse depth values, which has some advantages for interpolation and precision scaling.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"weak AI","answer":"WEAKAI","clue":"Also narrow AI.Artificial intelligence that is focused on one narrow task.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"WebAssembly","answer":"WEBASSEMBLY","clue":"this concept (abbr. Wasm) is an open binary programming format that can be run in modern web browsers in order to gain performance and/or provide new features for web pages.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/webassembly/index.md"},{"term":"webcam","answer":"WEBCAM","clue":"A video camera that feeds its images in real time to a computer or computer network, often via USB, Ethernet, or Wi-Fi.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"web crawler","answer":"WEBCRAWLER","clue":"An Internet bot that systematically browses the World Wide Web, typically for the purpose of Web indexing (web spidering).","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"WebDAV","answer":"WEBDAV","clue":"this concept (Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning) is an HTTP Extension that lets web developers update their content remotely from a client.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/webdav/index.md"},{"term":"WebExtensions","answer":"WEBEXTENSIONS","clue":"this concept is a cross-browser system for developing browser extensions in Firefox.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/webextensions/index.md"},{"term":"WebGL","answer":"WEBGL","clue":"this concept (Web Graphics Library) is a JavaScript API that draws interactive 2D and 3D graphics.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/webgl/index.md"},{"term":"WebIDL","answer":"WEBIDL","clue":"this concept is the interface description language used to describe the data types, interfaces, methods, properties, and other components which make up a Web application programming interface (API).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/webidl/index.md"},{"term":"WebKit","answer":"WEBKIT","clue":"this concept is a framework that displays properly-formatted webpages based on their markup.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/webkit/index.md"},{"term":"WebM","answer":"WEBM","clue":"this concept is a royalty-free and open web video format, which is natively supported in all modern browsers.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/webm/index.md"},{"term":"WebP","answer":"WEBP","clue":"this concept is a lossless and lossy compression image format developed by Google.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/webp/index.md"},{"term":"Web performance","answer":"WEBPERFORMANCE","clue":"this concept is the objective time from when a request for content is made until the requested content is displayed in the user's browser, objective render times, and the subjective user experience of load time and runtime.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/web_performance/index.md"},{"term":"WebRTC","answer":"WEBRTC","clue":"this concept (Web Real-Time Communication) is an API that can be used by video-chat, voice-calling, and P2P-file-sharing Web apps.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/webrtc/index.md"},{"term":"Web server","answer":"WEBSERVER","clue":"A this concept is a piece of software that often runs on a hardware server offering service to a user, usually referred to as the client.","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/web_server/index.md"},{"term":"Web standards","answer":"WEBSTANDARDS","clue":"this concept are rules established by international standards bodies that define how the Web works (and which sometimes control the Internet as well).","category":"Web & programming","source":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/a1aa79c09717761fc72c20bac94bb9c430ed487a/files/en-us/glossary/web_standards/index.md"},{"term":"Weight map","answer":"WEIGHTMAP","clue":"A set of Vertex attributes controlling deformation of a 3D model during skeletal animation.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Wide-angle lens","answer":"WIDEANGLELENS","clue":"In photography and cinematography, a this concept is a lens whose focal length is shorter than the focal length of a normal lens.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Wideband Delphi","answer":"WIDEBANDDELPHI","clue":"is a consensus-based estimation technique for estimating effort.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Wi-Fi","answer":"WIFI","clue":"A family of wireless networking technologies, based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, which are commonly used for local area networking of devices and Internet access.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"Win","answer":"WIN","clue":"Similar to \"leet\", \"this concept\" expresses an ability to perform an otherwise impossible act through pure luck or practice, or an object or statement that constitutes an amusing or amazing element.","category":"Networks & web","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1223442825"},{"term":"Window","answer":"WINDOW","clue":"A rectangular region of a screen or bitmap image.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Wireframe","answer":"WIREFRAME","clue":"May refer to this concept models or this concept rendering.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Wireframe rendering","answer":"WIREFRAMERENDERING","clue":"A rendering of a 3D model displaying only edge connectivity; used in 3D modelling applications for greater interactive speed, and clarity for mesh editing.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"word embedding","answer":"WORDEMBEDDING","clue":"A representation of a word in natural language processing.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"Work","answer":"WORK","clue":"in project management is the amount of effort applied to produce a deliverable or to accomplish a task (a terminal element).","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Work breakdown structure","answer":"WORKBREAKDOWNSTRUCTURE","clue":"(WBS) is a method and a kind of representation that defines a project and groups the project's discrete work elements in a way that helps organize and define the total work scope of the project.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Workflow","answer":"WORKFLOW","clue":"Set of sequential steps which must be done to get a job done","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"working set","answer":"WORKINGSET","clue":"The set of data used by a processor during a certain time interval, which should ideally fit into a CPU cache for optimum performance.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Work package","answer":"WORKPACKAGE","clue":"is a subset of a project that can be assigned to a specific party for execution.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"Work stealing","answer":"WORKSTEALING","clue":"Scheduling strategy where idle workers take pending tasks from other workers.","category":"Systems","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Work stream","answer":"WORKSTREAM","clue":"is a set of associated activities, focused around a particular scope that follow a path from initiation to completion.","category":"Software delivery","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300962361"},{"term":"world model","answer":"WORLDMODEL","clue":"A type of neural network that understands the dynamics of the real world, including physics and spatial properties.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"World space","answer":"WORLDSPACE","clue":"The global coordinate system in a 3D scene, reached by applying a model transformation matrix from the objects' local coordinates.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Write ahead log","answer":"WRITEAHEADLOG","clue":"Recovery log written before the corresponding changes reach persistent data pages.","category":"Databases","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"Write amplification","answer":"WRITEAMPLIFICATION","clue":"Ratio describing extra physical writes caused by a smaller logical write.","category":"Databases","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"write-back cache","answer":"WRITEBACKCACHE","clue":"A cache where store operations are buffered in cache lines, only reaching main memory when the entire cache line is evicted.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Write blocker","answer":"WRITEBLOCKER","clue":"The common name used for a forensic disk controller, hardware used to access digital media in a read only fashion","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1221924731"},{"term":"Write skew","answer":"WRITESKEW","clue":"Concurrency anomaly where transactions update different records after reading the same invariant.","category":"Databases","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"write-through cache","answer":"WRITETHROUGHCACHE","clue":"A cache where store operations are immediately written to the underlying main memory.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"XGBoost","answer":"XGBOOST","clue":"Short for eXtreme Gradient Boosting, this concept is an open-source software library which provides a regularizing gradient boosting framework for multiple programming languages.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376657211"},{"term":"XHTML","answer":"XHTML","clue":"Part of the family of XML markup languages. It mirrors or extends versions of the widely used HyperText Markup Language (HTML), the language in which web pages are formulated.","category":"Computer science","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376890980"},{"term":"XMI","answer":"XMI","clue":"An OMG standard for exchanging metadata information via Extensible Markup Language (XML).","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"X-rays","answer":"XRAYS","clue":"A form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 0.01 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 to 3000 PHz (10 hertz).","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"xUML","answer":"XUML","clue":"an UML profile or generic extension mechanism for customizing Unified Modeling Language (UML).","category":"Software design","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333819278"},{"term":"Y-cable","answer":"YCABLE","clue":"A this concept or Y cable is an electrical cable containing three ends of which one is a common end that in turn leads to a split into the remaining two ends, resembling the letter \"Y\".","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"YouTuber","answer":"YOUTUBER","clue":"a person who produces video content for the video-sharing site YouTube.","category":"Networks & web","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1223442825"},{"term":"Z buffer","answer":"ZBUFFER","clue":"A 2D array holding depth values in screen space; a component of a framebuffer; used for hidden surface determination.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Zeroized key","answer":"ZEROIZEDKEY","clue":"key that has been erased (see zeroisation.)","category":"Security","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287876576"},{"term":"Zero trust","answer":"ZEROTRUST","clue":"Security approach that does not grant implicit trust based only on network location.","category":"Security","source":"/crossword-sources.html#original"},{"term":"zip drive","answer":"ZIPDRIVE","clue":"The this concept is a removable floppy disk storage system that was introduced by Iomega in late 1994.","category":"Systems","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365206191"},{"term":"Zoom lens","answer":"ZOOMLENS","clue":"A mechanical assembly of lenses whose focal length can be changed, as opposed to a prime lens, which has a fixed focal length.","category":"AI & machine learning","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376529432"},{"term":"Z order","answer":"ZORDER","clue":"A Morton order space filling curve, useful for increasing cache coherency of spatial traversals.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"},{"term":"Z test culling","answer":"ZTESTCULLING","clue":"A form of occlusion culling by testing bounding volumes against a Z buffer; may be performed by a graphics processing unit using occlusion queries.","category":"Graphics & computing","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371483338"}]